VOA慢速英语2020 特朗普拟派遣军队平息暴乱

Can Trump¹ Send Troops to End Violent Protests?

On Monday, the president of the United States suggested he would use federal troops to end unrest across the country.

周一，美国总统暗示将动用联邦军队结束全国范围内的动乱。

The unrest started over a week ago after the killing² of George Floyd, a black man. He died a short time after he was detained by police in Minneapolis, Minnesota.

这次动乱的导火索是一周前的黑人男子乔治·弗洛伊德被杀事件。他在明尼苏达州明尼阿波利斯被警察拘捕后不久死亡。

People in Minneapolis and other U.S. cities have been protesting Floyd's death. Some of the protests were peaceful, but others were not. Demonstrators attacked businesses, set fire to buildings, and burned cars.

明尼阿波利斯以及美国其它城市的民众一直在为弗洛伊德死亡进行抗议。有些抗议是和平进行的，有些却不是。示威者攻击门店，在建筑物内纵火以及烧毁汽车。

Speaking from the White House, President Donald Trump proposed using military troops to stop the violence. He said, "If a city or state refuses to take the actions that are necessary to defend the life and property of their residents, then I will deploy³ the United States military and quickly solve the problem for them."

特朗普总统在白宫发表讲话时提出，将动用军队制止暴力活动。他说：“如果一个城市或州拒绝采取必要行动捍卫当地居民的生命和财产，那么我将部署军队，为他们迅速解决问题。”

Several state governors quickly rejected Trump's proposal. The governor of Oregon, Kate Brown, said, "You don't defuse violence by putting soldiers on the streets." In Illinois, Governor J.B. Pritzker said he does not believe the federal government can send troops into his state. And New York's governor, Andrew Cuomo, added, "I say thank you but no thank you."

有几位州长当下就拒绝了特朗普的提议。俄勒冈州州长凯特·布朗表示：“在街上部署军队并不会减轻暴力活动。”伊利诺伊州州长J.B. 普里兹克表示，他认为，联邦政府没有权利派军进入他管辖的州。纽约州州长安德鲁·库莫也表示：“谢谢，心领了。”

All three governors are members of the Democratic Party. Trump belongs to the Republican Party.

这三位州长都是民主党人。而特朗普属于共和党。

To deploy military troops, the president would need to invoke⁴ legislation known as the Insurrection Act.

为了部署军队，特朗普需要援引《暴动法案》。

What is the Insurrection Act?

什么是《暴动法案》？

Under the U.S. Constitution, governors generally have the power to maintain order within state borders. The constitution bars the armed forces from law enforcement within the country.

根据美国宪法，州长通常有权在本州境内维持秩序。宪法禁止武装部队在国内执法。

The Insurrection Act of 1807, however, gives the president power to send troops to the states "in all cases of insurrection, or obstruction⁵ to the laws." The law has since been amended⁶ several times.

然而，1807年的《暴动法案》赋予总统“在暴动或者法律受到阻挠的情况下”向各州派兵的权力。此后，该法案经过了多次修订。

In a 2006 report, the U.S. Congressional Research Service said the president is required to have approval from a state's governor or legislature to send in federal troops. But the report also noted⁷ that "the President may issue an executive order to send in troops."

美国国会研究处在2006年的一份报告中表示，总统必须获得州长或议会批准才能派遣联邦军队。但是该报告也指出，“总统可发布行政命令来派遣军队。”

Presidents have invoked⁸ the Insurrection Act several times in U.S. history.

回顾美国历史，总统曾多次援引了《暴动法案》。

In 1957, President Dwight Eisenhower approved an executive order to put the Arkansas National Guard under the U.S. military. As part of the order, he sent 1,000 Army troops to Little Rock, Arkansas. The move, over the objection of the state's governor, was to protect black students at an all-white high school.

1957年，艾森豪威尔总统通过了一项行政命令，将阿肯色国民警卫队置于美国军队的领导之下。作为该行政令的一部分，他向阿肯色州的小石头城派遣了1000名陆军士兵。此举旨在保护一所白人高中的黑人学生，尽管该州州长一直反对。

The Congressional Research Service said the use of the Insurrection Act "has become exceedingly rare" since the end of civil rights protests in the 1960s.

国会研究处表示，自上世纪60年代民权抗议活动结束以来，使用《暴动法案》“已经变得极为罕见。”

The act was last used in 1992. That was the year when racial protests in Los Angeles turned violent. The unrest started when a court found four police officers – all of them white -- not guilty in the beating of a black man, Rodney King.

上一次使用该法案是在1992年。当时，洛杉矶的种族抗议行为演变成了暴力活动。这次暴乱起因是法院判决殴打黑人罗德尼·金（Rodney King）的四名白人警员无罪释放。

Thaddeus Hoffmeister is a law professor at the University of Dayton. He told the Reuters news agency that when the Insurrection Act was invoked in the past, presidents and governors have usually agreed on the need for troops.

赛迪斯·霍夫梅斯特（Thaddeus Hoffmeister）是代顿大学的法学教授。他告诉路透社，以往援引《暴动法案》时，时任总统和州长通常在派兵一事上达成一致。

In 2005, then President George W. Bush decided⁹ not to use the act to send troops to Louisiana after flooding resulting from Hurricane Katrina. The state's then-governor opposed the move.

2005年，时任美国总统的布什决定在卡特里娜飓风造成洪水泛滥后，在不使用该法案的前提下派军前往路易斯安娜。该州时任州长对此表示反对。

Hoffmeister said he did not think invoking¹⁰ the Insurrection Act was needed now because governors can take action through their criminal justice systems.

霍夫梅斯特认为，现在无需援引《暴动法案》，因为州长可以通过其刑事司法体系采取行动。

I'm John Russell.

约翰·罗塞尔为您播报。

1 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

2 killing   

n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财

参考例句：

• Investors are set to make a killing from the sell-off.投资者准备清仓以便大赚一笔。
• Last week my brother made a killing on Wall Street.上个周我兄弟在华尔街赚了一大笔。

3 deploy   

v.（军）散开成战斗队形，布置，展开

参考例句：

• The infantry began to deploy at dawn.步兵黎明时开始进入战斗位置。
• The president said he had no intention of deploying ground troops.总统称并不打算部署地面部队。

4 invoke   

v.求助于(神、法律)；恳求，乞求

参考例句：

• Let us invoke the blessings of peace.让我们祈求和平之福。
• I hope I'll never have to invoke this clause and lodge a claim with you.我希望我永远不会使用这个条款向你们索赔。

5 obstruction   

n.阻塞，堵塞；障碍物

参考例句：

• She was charged with obstruction of a police officer in the execution of his duty.她被指控妨碍警察执行任务。
• The road was cleared from obstruction.那条路已被清除了障碍。

6 Amended   

adj. 修正的 动词amend的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• He asked to see the amended version. 他要求看修订本。
• He amended his speech by making some additions and deletions. 他对讲稿作了些增删修改。

7 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。

8 invoked   

v.援引( invoke的过去式和过去分词 )；行使（权利等）；祈求救助；恳求

参考例句：

• It is unlikely that libel laws will be invoked. 不大可能诉诸诽谤法。
• She had invoked the law in her own defence. 她援引法律为自己辩护。 来自《简明英汉词典》

9 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

10 invoking   

v.援引( invoke的现在分词 )；行使（权利等）；祈求救助；恳求

参考例句：

• You can customise the behavior of the Asynchronous Server and hence re-brand it by defining your own command set for invoking services. 通过定义自己调用服务的命令集，您可以定制自定义异步服务器的行为，通过为调用服务定义自己的命令集从而对它重新标记。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• You can customize the behavior of the Asynchronous Server and hence re-brand it by defining your own command set for invoking services. 通过定义自己调用服务的命令集，您可以定制自定义异步服务器的行为，通过为调用服务定义自己的命令集从而对它重新标记。 来自辞典例句