VOA慢速英语2020 谷神星地表之下暗藏大片海洋

Ceres is the largest object in the asteroid¹ belt between the planets Mars and Jupiter. In a new study, scientists suggest this dwarf² planet contains a large body of salty water under its cold surface.

谷神星是火星和木星之间小行星带中的最大物体。在一项新的研究中，科学家们认为在这颗矮行星的寒冷表面下含有大量卤水。

The researchers describe Ceres as an "ocean world" - a place that could have the right conditions to support living organisms.

研究人员称谷神星是一个海洋世界，这里可能具有支持生物体生存的适当条件。

The study was released earlier this month in the publications Nature Astronomy, Nature Geoscience and Nature Communications.

这项研究于本月初在《自然·天文学》、《自然·地球科学》和《自然·通讯》杂志上发表。

The research is based on data gathered by NASA's Dawn spacecraft, which flew as close as 35 kilometers to the surface of Ceres in 2018. The study provides evidence that the dwarf planet remains³ geologically active with cryovolcanism - volcanoes that produce icy material.

这项研究是基于美国宇航局黎明号航天器收集到的数据，该航天器于2018年飞到了距离谷神星表面最近只有35公里的地方。该研究证实这颗矮行星仍然存在冰火山地质活动。

The scientists say their findings confirm the presence of a reservoir of salty water below the surface that has been slowly freezing. Planetary scientist and Dawn lead investigator⁴ Carol Raymond told the Reuters news agency it is this finding that makes Ceres an ocean world, even though liquid does not cover the whole dwarf planet.

科学家们表示，他们的研究结果证实了地表下有缓慢冻结的卤水层的存在。行星科学家兼黎明号首席研究员卡洛尔·雷蒙德对路透社表示，这一发现使得谷神星成为了一个海洋世界，即使液体未能覆盖这颗矮行星的全部区域。

"In the case of Ceres, we know the liquid reservoir is regional scale but we cannot tell for sure that it is global. However, what matters most is that there is liquid on a large scale," Raymond said.

雷蒙德表示：“就谷神星而言，我们知道这片卤水层是区域性的，我们无法确定它是全球性的。但是最重要的是它存在大范围的液体。”

Ceres is about 950 kilometers around. The scientists centered their work on a 92-kilometer-wide crater⁵ formed when a large object hit Ceres about 22 million years ago. The crater has two bright areas caused by salt collections from liquid that reached the surface.

谷神星直径大约有950公里。科学家们主要聚焦在谷神星上一个大约2200万年前由大型物体撞击形成的92公里宽的陨石坑上。这个陨石坑有两块明亮的区域，这是由到达地表的液体所携带的盐分而形成的。

The scientists say the liquid started in a salt water reservoir hundreds of kilometers wide about 40 kilometers below the surface. When the large object crashed into Ceres, breaks in the dwarf planet's surface created openings for salty water to escape.

科学家们表示，这种液体来自于地表以下大约40公里处的一片宽达数百公里的卤水层。当大型物体撞到谷神星时，这颗矮行星的表面破裂，为卤水的溢出打开了一个出口。

There are several other solar system bodies beyond Earth where there at least appear to be oceans below the surface. These include Jupiter's moon Europa, Saturn's moon Enceladus, Neptune's moon Triton and the dwarf planet Pluto⁶.

在地球以外还有其它几个太阳系天体，它们至少在地表以下似乎是海洋。它们包括木星的卫星欧罗巴，土星的卫星土卫二，海王星的卫星海卫一以及矮行星冥王星。

Water is considered a major necessity for life. Scientists want to study whether Ceres was ever home to microbial life.

水被认为是生命的重要必需品。科学家们想研究谷神星是否曾经有过微生物生命。

Planetary scientist Julie Castillo of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory said there is major interest at this point in examining the possibility of life in Cerer's reservoir. That is especially true "considering it is cold and getting quite rich in salts," she added.

美国宇航局喷气推进实验室的行星科学家朱莉·卡斯蒂略表示，目前人们非常有兴趣研究谷神星的卤水层是否有生命的可能性。她还说：“考虑到它温度很低，并且盐分非常丰富，这样做就尤为正确。”

I'm Pete Musto.

我是皮特·玛索。

1 asteroid   

n.小行星；海盘车(动物)

参考例句：

• Astronomers have yet to witness an asteroid impact with another planet.天文学家还没有目击过小行星撞击其它行星。
• It's very unlikely that an asteroid will crash into Earth but the danger exists.小行星撞地球的可能性很小，但这样的危险还是存在的。

2 dwarf   

n.矮子，侏儒，矮小的动植物；vt.使…矮小

参考例句：

• The dwarf's long arms were not proportional to his height.那侏儒的长臂与他的身高不成比例。
• The dwarf shrugged his shoulders and shook his head. 矮子耸耸肩膀，摇摇头。

3 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

4 investigator   

n.研究者，调查者，审查者

参考例句：

• He was a special investigator for the FBI.他是联邦调查局的特别调查员。
• The investigator was able to deduce the crime and find the criminal.调查者能够推出犯罪过程并锁定罪犯。

5 crater   

n.火山口，弹坑

参考例句：

• With a telescope you can see the huge crater of Ve-suvius.用望远镜你能看到巨大的维苏威火山口。
• They came to the lip of a dead crater.他们来到了一个死火山口。

6 Pluto   

n.冥王星

参考例句：

• Pluto is the furthest planet from the sun.冥王星是离太阳最远的行星。
• Pluto has an elliptic orbit.冥王星的轨道是椭圆形的。