VOA慢速英语2021--The Difference Between Up to, Until, and Till

This week on Ask a Teacher, we answer a question from Abrahan Ferrer, who is in Spain.

Question:

Hello there,

I am writing to you because I am quite confused with these three options here: up to, until and till. I don't know how to use it properly. Could you explain these words to us, please? Thank you very much for your support in teaching¹ us English. Keep it up!!

Abrahan Ferrer, Spain

Answer:

Dear Abrahan,

Thank you for your message!

Let's start with "until," and "‘till." They can be used as prepositions³ to describe time.

The structure in this case is preposition² + period of time. Here is a simple example sentence:

Until yesterday, John did not realize that until and till

had the same meaning.

And also:

Till yesterday, John did not realize that until and till had the same meaning.

Until

Until is used to show the time when a situation, activity, or period ends, as in:

"I was up studying until 3 in the morning. I am so tired!"

"Until" is also often used with deadlines – a time by which you must complete something. At work, your boss might give you a deadline. The boss may say:

You have until Friday to finish the report.

Till

"Till" can be used in place of "until" in most sentences.

Here is one such example:

I can't wait till next week. I will finally get to see all my friends at school again!

Up to

"Up to" is a bit more difficult to describe. It can act as a preposition or play a part in a phrasal verb or phrasal expression.

But here are a few very general ideas.

"Up to" can be used to show the place or level that is reached by something, as in:

The mud was up to our knees!

"Up to" can also mean as many or as much as a given number or amount. For example, imagine a person buys a very large car. The person might say:

My car holds up to 12 people!

Here is another example. Imagine you have just taken a major exam. You really want to know your results. But you have to wait. A worker at the testing center tells you:

You will have to wait up to three days for your test results.

The worker might also tell you this:

You will have to wait until Monday for your test results.

Notice that the worker uses "until" in this case because Monday is a time, not a number or amount.

Of course, "up to" has many other meanings. But we can talk about those some other time!

Well, Abrahan, we hope this helps to answer your question.

And to our listeners everywhere, what question do you have about American English? Send us an email at [email protected].

And that's Ask a Teacher!

Words in This Story

preposition – n. a word or group of words that is used with a noun⁴, pronoun⁵, or noun phrase to show direction, location, or time, or to introduce an object

boss – n. the person whose job is to tell other workers what to do

1 teaching   

n.教学，执教，任教，讲授；(复数)教诲

参考例句：

• We all agree in adopting the new teaching method. 我们一致同意采取新的教学方法。
• He created a new system of teaching foreign languages.他创造了一种新的外语教学体系。

2 preposition   

n.介词

参考例句：

• You should cancel this preposition in the sentence.你应该删去句子中的这个介词。
• We use different preposition to talk about time,days,months and seasons.我们用不动的介词来谈论时间，日，月和季节等。

3 prepositions   

n.介词( preposition的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• She lays a lot of emphasis on the usage of prepositions. 她把重点放在介词的使用上。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Prepositions and conjunctions are particles. 介词和连词是小品词。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 noun   

n.名词

参考例句：

• What kind of noun is this?这是哪类名词？
• This word is a collective noun.这个词是个集体名词。

5 pronoun   

n.代词

参考例句：

• The relative pronoun is often dropped if it is the subject.关系代名词做受词时常被省略。
• Here you should use plural pronoun.这里你应该用复数代词。