VOA新闻杂志2022 联合国报告称又有7100万人陷入贫困

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As many as 71 million more people are reported to be in poverty as a result of increased food and energy prices. These prices rose in the weeks following Russia's invasion of Ukraine, the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) said in a recent report.

据报道，由于食品和能源价格上涨，又有多达7100万人陷入贫困。联合国开发计划署在最近的一份报告中表示，这些价格在俄罗斯入侵乌克兰之后的几周内涨了上来。

The UNDP estimates that 51.6 million more people may have fallen into a poverty level defined as living off of $1.90 a day or less in the first three months after the war.

联合国开发计划署估计，在开战的头三个月内，可能又有5160万人掉入贫困线以下，即每天生活费不高于1.9美元。

An additional 20 million people dropped to the poverty line of $3.20 a day.

另有2000万人掉到每天3.2美元的贫困线。

UNDP Administrator¹ Achim Steiner said at the launch of the report, "The cost of living impact is almost without precedent² in a generation... and that is why it is so serious."

联合国开发计划署署长阿奇姆·施泰纳在报告发布时表示：“生活成本的影响在数十年中几乎史无前例的，这就是它如此严重的原因。”

Precedent means a similar event that happened at an earlier time.

先例是指更早前发生的类似事件。

The speed at which this many people experienced poverty went beyond the economic pain felt during the worst part of the pandemic.

这么多人陷入贫困的速度超出了大流行最严重时期所感受到的经济痛苦。

The UNDP noted³ that 125 million additional people experienced poverty over about 18 months during lockdowns and closures. In comparison, around 71 million hit poverty in just three months after Russia's invasion of Ukraine in late February.

联合国开发计划署指出，在封锁和停业期间的大约18个月时间里，新增1.25亿人遭受了贫困。相比之下，在2月下旬俄罗斯入侵乌克兰后的短短三个月内，约有7100万人陷入贫困。

"The speed of this is very quick," said George Molina, UNDP chief economist⁴ and writer of the report.

联合国开发计划署首席经济学家兼报告作者乔治·莫利纳表示；“这种速度非常快。”

Among the countries hit hardest by inflation are Haiti, Argentina, Egypt, Iraq, Turkey and the Philippines. Rwanda, Sudan, Ghana, Kenya, Sri Lanka and Uzbekistan are also in the group.

受通胀影响最严重的国家包括海地、阿根廷、埃及、伊拉克、土耳其和菲律宾。卢旺达、苏丹、加纳、肯尼亚、斯里兰卡和乌兹别克斯坦也在这一行列。

More people in these countries, some of which have had political problems like Sudan and Sri Lanka, are facing poverty, noted the UNDP.

联合国开发计划署指出，苏丹和斯里兰卡等一些面临政治问题的国家有更多人面临贫困。

In countries like Afghanistan, Ethiopia, Mali, Nigeria and Yemen, the effects of inflation are felt deeply by those already at the lowest poverty line.

在阿富汗、埃塞俄比亚、马里、尼日利亚和也门等国家，已经处于最低贫困线的人们深切感受到了通货膨胀的影响。

In Ghana, where the daily minimum wage is $1.80 a day, people are struggling under the weight of inflation. Albert Kowfie, a 27 year-old security guard in Accra, Ghana, said a loaf of bread costs over $2 and travel to work costs another 20 cents.

在每日最低工资为1.8美元的加纳，人们在通货膨胀的重压下苦苦挣扎。加纳阿克拉市27岁的保安Albert Kowfie表示，一条面包的价格超过2美元，上班路费另外还要花20美分。

"It means that by the end of the first week, everything is gone," he said.

他说：“这意味着到第一周结束后，钱就花光了。”

Kowfie expressed frustration⁵ at the government for not doing more to deal with the issue. "I don't answer my mother's calls anymore because I know she needs help since she is not on any pension, but what can l do?"

Kowfie对政府没有采取更多措施来解决这个问题表示失望。他说：“我不再接听妈妈的电话，因为我知道她需要帮助，她没有养老金，但我能做什么？”

Another U.N. report released Wednesday said world hunger rose last year with 2.3 billion people facing moderate or severe difficulty obtaining enough to eat — and that was before the war in Ukraine.

联合国周三发布的另一份报告称，去年世界饥饿人口上升，有23亿人在获取足够食物方面面临中度或重度的困境，这是在乌克拉战争之前。

The UNDP's Steiner said the world economy needs to step up. There is enough wealth in the world to deal with the crisis, he argues.

联合国开发计划署的施泰纳表示，世界经济需要加快步伐。他认为世界上有足够财富来应付这场危机。

"But," he said, "our ability to act in unison⁶ and rapidly is a constraint⁷."

他说：“但是我们一致且迅速采取行动的能力是一种限制。”

The UNDP advises that governments spend more to reach the most affected⁸ people through targeted direct payments to them. These payments are known as cash transfers.

联合国开发计划署建议政府通过有针对性的直接补贴来帮助受影响最严重的人群。这类补贴被称之为现金补助。

For developing countries to do such transfers, the UNDP called for an extension of debt payments that had been in place during the pandemic among the world's richest nations.

为了让发展中国家进行这类补助，联合国开发计划署呼吁全球最富有国家延长在大流行期间已经到期的债务偿付的期限。

1 administrator   

n.经营管理者，行政官员

参考例句：

• The role of administrator absorbed much of Ben's energy.行政职务耗掉本很多精力。
• He has proved himself capable as administrator.他表现出管理才能。

2 precedent   

n.先例，前例；惯例；adj.在前的，在先的

参考例句：

• Is there a precedent for what you want me to do?你要我做的事有前例可援吗？
• This is a wonderful achievement without precedent in Chinese history.这是中国历史上亘古未有的奇绩。

3 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。

4 economist   

n.经济学家，经济专家，节俭的人

参考例句：

• He cast a professional economist's eyes on the problem.他以经济学行家的眼光审视这个问题。
• He's an economist who thinks he knows all the answers.他是个经济学家，自以为什么都懂。

5 frustration   

n.挫折，失败，失效，落空

参考例句：

• He had to fight back tears of frustration.他不得不强忍住失意的泪水。
• He beat his hands on the steering wheel in frustration.他沮丧地用手打了几下方向盘。

6 unison   

n.步调一致，行动一致

参考例句：

• The governments acted in unison to combat terrorism.这些国家的政府一致行动对付恐怖主义。
• My feelings are in unison with yours.我的感情与你的感情是一致的。

7 constraint   

n.(on)约束，限制；限制(或约束)性的事物

参考例句：

• The boy felt constraint in her presence.那男孩在她面前感到局促不安。
• The lack of capital is major constraint on activities in the informal sector.资本短缺也是影响非正规部门生产经营的一个重要制约因素。

8 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。