VOA日常语法2024--It's 'Kind of Just' Hedging

It's 'Kind of Just' Hedging

This week on Everyday Grammar, we answer a question from Kyosuke, a loyal¹ reader in Japan, who asks:

I have a question about the article "When Colleges Close, Some Students Never Go Back." It reads, "It kind of just saps your motivation to do anything." I was not able to understand the structure and meaning of this sentence. What is the subject and what is the verb? Especially, I didn't realize (the meaning of) "it kind of just."

The story Kyosuke read told about how the University of the Arts in Philadelphia closed suddenly. That affected² a lot of students. One first-year student there was unsure of his next steps. He said he did not know where to start looking for another place to study. Let us look at the structure of the statement first.

It kind of just saps your motivation to do anything.

The subject is "It" -- a pronoun³ that refers to the school closing. The verb is "sap" which means to use up the supply of something. We often use it to talk about reducing energy or strength. Here is an example:

Waiting in the long line at the store sapped my energy.

In the student's statement, the verb "sap" has a direct object - motivation. He is saying that he has less desire now to apply to other schools.

Qualifiers

The next part of the statement is "kind of." This phrase is in the group of words we call "qualifiers." A qualifier is a word, usually an adjective⁴ or adverb, that changes the meaning of another word or phrase. Some qualifiers strengthen the force of a statement, like "very" and "too." Others weaken⁵ the force, like "somewhat⁶" and "seem."

In his statement, the student uses "kind of just" before the verb "sap" to show he is not firmly saying that the event has had this effect. We can say he is hedging. A "hedge⁷" in language is often a way to express uncertainty⁸ or reduce the force of a statement.

Kind of

For example, if you do not want to stay at a party you might tell a friend:

I'm kind of tired, can we leave the party a little early?

You are not saying you are very tired and need to leave immediately; you simply want to introduce the idea of leaving early. Using "kind of" is one way that speakers preserve their relationships with others. For example, a friend asks you if you like the band playing at an event. You might answer:

Their music is okay, but it's kind of loud for me.

You might think the music is much too loud, or even bad, but if your friend likes it, you do not want to hurt their feelings. So, you can hedge, or protect their feelings, by using "kind of."

Just

Another part of the statement our reader asked about is the word "just." It is also a qualifier. "Just" can change the meaning of the words that follow. In such a case, it can mean "nothing more than" or "only." For example, if you are at an event with a friend, they might ask:

Why do you keep checking the time? Aren't you enjoying the show?

You might answer,

I just don't want to miss the last bus. It's getting late.

Words in This Story

kind of - adv. to a moderate⁹ degree; somewhat, more or less

motivation - n. a force or influence that causes someone to do something

qualifier - n. (grammar) a word (such as an adjective or adverb) or phrase that describes another word or group of words

hedge - v. to avoid giving a promise or direct answer

1 loyal   

adj.忠诚的，忠心的

参考例句：

• He is a loyal friend.他是一位忠诚的朋友。
• I judge him to be loyal.我认为他很忠诚。

2 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。

3 pronoun   

n.代词

参考例句：

• The relative pronoun is often dropped if it is the subject.关系代名词做受词时常被省略。
• Here you should use plural pronoun.这里你应该用复数代词。

4 adjective   

n.形容词；adj.形容词的，用作形容词的

参考例句：

• Don't apply that adjective to me.不要用那个字眼来形容我。
• The adjective loose has several senses. 形容词loose有几个义项。

5 weaken   

v.(使)变弱，(使)虚弱

参考例句：

• You can weaken the tea by adding water.你可以加水把茶弄得淡一些。
• We never weaken our efforts in face of difficulties.我们在困难面前从不软化我们的努力。

6 somewhat   

pron.一些，某物；adv.多少，几分

参考例句：

• The cake we made was somewhat of a failure.我们做的蛋糕不大成功。
• The two office buildings are somewhat alike in appearance.这两座办公楼在外形上有点相似。

7 hedge   

n.树篱；障碍物；vt.用篱笆围；vi.避免直接回答

参考例句：

• The gardener trimmed the hedge.那位园林工人修剪了树篱。
• He squeezed through a gap in the hedge.他从树篱的缺口处挤过去。

8 uncertainty   

n.易变，靠不住，不确知，不确定的事物

参考例句：

• Her comments will add to the uncertainty of the situation.她的批评将会使局势更加不稳定。
• After six weeks of uncertainty,the strain was beginning to take its toll.6个星期的忐忑不安后，压力开始产生影响了。

9 moderate   

adj.适度的，稳健的，温和的，中等的；v.节制，使...稳定，使...缓和；n.稳健的人

参考例句：

• You should moderate your language when children are present.在孩子面前，你说话应该有节制。
• The wind is moderate today.今天的风很柔和。