野火的燃烧会造成汞污染

65 野火的燃烧会造成汞污染

ENVIRONMENT REPORT  September 7, 2001: Mercury¹ Pollution in WildfiresBy George Grow
（Start at 59" ）This is Bill White with the VOA Special English ENVIRONMENT REPORT.
(1)Wildfires have been burning in forests in parts of the western United States this summer. American scientists are studying the effect of the wildfires on the (2)environment. Some scientists have flown over the fires to measure the levels of the chemical (3)element (4)mercury in the smoke. The National Center for Atmospheric² Research and the University of Washington are organizing the flights.
Scientists want to understand what causes mercury to form in Earth's (5)atmosphere. They also want to learn how much of the chemical falls on the land and water and enters the food supply. High levels of mercury are (6)poisonous to people and animals.
During a wildfire, mercury stored in trees and on the ground is released and carried into the atmosphere. Mercury travels as a gas in the atmosphere for about a year before landing in water or on the ground. About six-thousand (7)metric tons of mercury are in the atmosphere at any one time.
About half the mercury in the atmosphere comes from natural sources, such as oceans, soil and (8)volcanoes. The other half comes from human activities. The Environmental Protection Agency estimates that American coal-burning factories release about thirty-seven metric tons of the chemical each year.
Mercury changes in the atmosphere through chemical processes. It returns to Earth's surface in wet or dry particles.
Hans Friedli is a scientist with the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder³, Colorado. He says trees store mercury in their leaves or (9)needles. It stays there until the trees burn.
The scientists carried out tests to find out how much mercury is released during a forest fire. For the (10)experiment, researchers gathered trees from across the United States. They burned the trees at the Forest Service Fire Science (11)Laboratory in Missoula, Montana. Scientific equipment immediately reported the presence of mercury when the trees were burned. All of the trees released nearly all the mercury they had stored.
The mercury studies developed from the scientists efforts to understand wildfires and how they spread. They want to provide information to help firefighters battle such fires in the future.
This VOA Special English ENVIRONMENT REPORT was written by George Grow.

 

(1)  wildfire[ 5waildfaiE ]n.古时攻打敌船所用的燃料剂, 磷火, 鬼火, 散布(或传播)极快的事物
(2)  environment[ in5vaiErEnmEnt ]n.环境, 外界
(3) element[ 5elimEnt ]n.要素, 元素, 成分, 元件, 自然环境
(4) mercury[ 5mE:kjuri ]n.水银, 汞, [罗神]墨丘利神(众神的信使)
(5) atmosphere[ 5AtmEsfiE ]n.大气, 空气, 气氛
(6) poisonous[ 5pCiznEs ]adj.有毒的
(7) metric[5metrIk]adj.米制的, 公制的
(8) volcano[ vCl5keinEu ]n.火山
(9) needle[ 5ni:dl ]n.针
(10) experiment[ iks5perimEnt ]n.实验, 试验vi.进行实验, 做试验
(11) laboratory[ lE5bCrEtEri, 5lAbErEtEri ]n.实验室

 

1 mercury   

n.汞，水银，水银柱

参考例句：

• The liquid we can see in thermometers is mercury.我们看到的温度计里的液体是水银。
• Mercury has a much greater density than water.水银的密度比水大得多。

2 atmospheric   

adj.大气的，空气的；大气层的；大气所引起的

参考例句：

• Sea surface temperatures and atmospheric circulation are strongly coupled.海洋表面温度与大气环流是密切相关的。
• Clouds return radiant energy to the surface primarily via the atmospheric window.云主要通过大气窗区向地表辐射能量。

3 boulder   

n.巨砾；卵石，圆石

参考例句：

• We all heaved together and removed the boulder.大家一齐用劲，把大石头搬开了。
• He stepped clear of the boulder.他从大石头后面走了出来。