美国参议院的变革

34  美国参议院的变革

DATE=6/2/01
TITLE=IN THE NEWS #483 - Changes in American Senate
BYLINE=Jerilyn Watson

    (start at 1'06") This is Steve Ember with the VOA Special English program, IN THE NEWS.
    The (1) Republican Party of President George W. Bush will soon lose control of the United States (2)Senate.  This may happen as soon as Tuesday.  Republicans still control the (3) House of Representatives.  Yet the change in the Senate is expected to (4)threaten President Bush's chances to pass (5) legislation.  It may also have major (6)effects on foreign policy and presidential (7) appointments. 
    A (8) moderate Republican from the small state of (9) Vermont (10)caused the change in the Senate.  James Jeffords was first elected as a Republican (11)senator in Nineteen-Eighty-Nine.  But last month he decided¹ to leave the party.  He declared himself an (12) independent.  Senator Jeffords said he disagreed with Mister Bush about several major (13)issues.  For example, the senator wanted more money spent for education.  He wanted stronger policies to (14)protect the (15)environment.  
    Senator Jeffords' decision ends the (16)current balance in the Senate of fifty (17) Democrats³ and fifty Republicans.  When the Senate is (18) evenly (19) split, the party of the president is the (20) majority because the (21)vice-president can vote to break a tie.  With the loss of one Republican, the Senate now has a Democratic majority.  This means Democrats will be chairmen of all the Senate (22)committees.  And Republican Senator Trent Lott of Mississippi will be replaced as majority leader by Democratic Senator Tom Daschle of South Dakota. Senator Daschle and his committee chairmen can decide which bills the Senate will consider.
    Democrats may act quickly on issues they support.  These include measures on energy and health care.  For example, their patient's bill of rights would make it easier for people to take legal action against health care providers.
    At the same time, the Senate may act slowly to approve the president's (23)candidates to be (24)federal judges.  Candidates fearing rejection⁴ may (25)withdraw before their (26) confirmation⁵ hearings.
    The change in some committee chairmen may not make a great difference.  But other changes will be important.  
    Republican Senator Jesse Helms of North Carolina will no longer be leader of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.  The new chairman, Senator Joseph Biden, is likely to urge more support for the United Nations and for foreign aid.  The Republican chairman of the Energy and Natural Resources Committee supports oil-drilling in the Arctic (27) Refuge. (28) Environmentalists oppose this plan.  It may not survive under Democratic leadership of the committee.
    President Bush supports building a missile-defense system.  But the Armed Services Committee led by a Democrat² may demand more testing of the system.
    Republicans are unhappy about losing their majority in the Senate.  They are working hard to keep other moderate Republican legislators as members of the party.  
    This VOA Special English program, IN THE NEWS, was written by Jerilyn Watson.  This is Steve Ember.

(1) republican [ri`pQblik[n] adj.共和国的, 共和政体的, 共和主义的, 有关共和 n.共和党人
(2) senate [ 5senit ]n.参议院, 上院
(3) House of Representatives n. （美国、新西兰、澳大利亚等国的）众议院
(4) threaten [ 5Wretn ]vt. 威胁
(5) legislation [9ledVis`leiF[n] n.立法, 法律的制定(或通过)
(6) effect [ i5fekt ]n.作用, 影响
(7) appointment [[`pCintm[nt] n. 任命，委派任命或指派一个职位或位置的行为
(8) moderate [`mCd[rit] adj.中等的, 适度的, 适中的
(9) Vermont [v[:`mCnt]n.佛蒙特州(美国州名)
(10) cause [ kC:z ] vt.引起
(11) senator [ 5senEtE ]n.参议员
(12) independent [indi`pend[nt] n.中立派, 无党派者
(13) issue [ 5isju: ]n. 论点, 问题
(14) protect [ prE5tekt ]vt.保护
(15) environment [ in5vaiErEnmEnt ]n.环境
(16) current [ 5kQrEnt ]adj.当前的
(17) democrat n. 民主党成员
(18) evenly [ `i:v[nlI] adv.均匀地, 平坦地
(19) split [ split] v.劈开, (使)裂开, 分裂, 分离
(20) majority [ m[`dVCriti] n.多数, 大半
(21) vice-President [ 5vais5prezidEnt ]n.副总统
(22) committee [ kE5miti ]n.委员会
(23) candidate [ 5kAndidit ]n.候选人, 投考者
(24) federal [ 5fedErEl ]adj.联邦的
(25) withdraw [ wiT5drC: ] vi.缩回, 退出
(26) confirmation [9kCnf[`meiF[n] n.证实, 确认, 批准
(27) refuge [ `refjU:dV]n.庇护, 避难, 避难所
(28) environmentalist [in9vai[r[n`mentlist] n.环境保护论者, 环境论者

1 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

2 democrat   

n.民主主义者，民主人士；民主党党员

参考例句：

• The Democrat and the Public criticized each other.民主党人和共和党人互相攻击。
• About two years later,he was defeated by Democrat Jimmy Carter.大约两年后，他被民主党人杰米卡特击败。

3 democrats   

n.民主主义者，民主人士( democrat的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The Democrats held a pep rally on Capitol Hill yesterday. 民主党昨天在国会山召开了竞选誓师大会。
• The democrats organize a filibuster in the senate. 民主党党员组织了阻挠议事。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 rejection   

n.拒绝，被拒，抛弃，被弃

参考例句：

• He decided not to approach her for fear of rejection.他因怕遭拒绝决定不再去找她。
• The rejection plunged her into the dark depths of despair.遭到拒绝使她陷入了绝望的深渊。

5 confirmation   

n.证实，确认，批准

参考例句：

• We are waiting for confirmation of the news.我们正在等待证实那个消息。
• We need confirmation in writing before we can send your order out.给你们发送订购的货物之前，我们需要书面确认。