63 美国是否应当改变对伊朗和伊拉克的强硬政策？

63 美国是否应当改变对伊朗和伊拉克的强硬政策？

Should US Change Hard Line Policies Toward Iran, Iraq?
Ed Warner
Washington
22 Jun 2001 21:59 UTC

U.S. policy toward Iran and Iraq needs to change, according to participants at a recent Washington conference. These 1)analysts² say there should be more engagement and less 2)confrontation³. But there is another point of view supported by many members of the U.S. Congress, who do not yet think it is time to relax American 3)sanctions.
Many former U.S. diplomats⁴ and other analysts are speaking out against U.S. policy toward Iran and Iraq. In a series of papers and conferences, they have argued that economic sanctions are not working and are simply increasing 4)resentment against the United States.
This point was stressed at a recent discussion at the Library of Congress that was 5)hosted by the Atlantic Council and the Middle East Policy 6)Council, among other groups.
Charles Freeman, president of the Middle East Policy Council, acknowledged the speakers did not reflect 7)prevailing views. "Indeed the purpose of the gathering⁵ is to reflect a very large part of the foreign policy establishment and intellectual community in the United States, which flatly does not agree with current policy and does not believe it is working," he said.
But Patrick Clawson, of the Washington Institute for Near East Policy, said the gathering should have included supporters of U.S. policy. "You talk about having dialogue with Iraq and Iran. May I suggest that you begin by having dialogue with those in the United States who disagree with you," he said. "The difficulty with this panel is that there is not a single person here today who endorses⁶ U.S. policy as it 8)currently stands. Yet that policy has been held up by two administrations and 9)overwhelming 10)majorities in Congress."
Mr. Clawson notes that Congress is nearly 11)unanimous in support of maintaining sanctions against Iran, because of its support of terrorism, its opposition⁷ to the Middle East peace process and its efforts to acquire weapons of mass 12)destruction.
Richard Murphy, a former top U.S. State Department official, says 13)domestic politics are also a 14)factor in the congressional decision to preserve sanctions. "If there is not a serious debate, I think it is because the road has so thoroughly⁸, 15)ably and creatively prepared by AIPAC [the American-Israel Public Affairs Committee]. It has done an extraordinary job of corralling the votes so that there will be 16)virtually no discussion of what it means for U.S. interests," he said.
But U.S. policy has not been 17)static, says Kenneth Katzman, a Middle East analyst¹ with the Congressional Research Service. It has changed with the times. "In fact, we have seen substantial evolution in U.S. policy, and U.S. policy has to some degree 18)adapted to regional developments. In 1995 and '96, we heard that Iran was an implacable adversary⁹ of the United States, while in 1997 and '98, we heard that Iran is a country we want to do business with."
Mr. Katzman said the U.S. policy of dual¹⁰ containment¹¹ of Iran and Iraq has been modified to meet the objections of European and Persian Gulf¹² nations, who prefer 19)accommodation to confrontation, and who believe a balance of power will keep the peace in the region.
 

(1) analyst[5AnElIst]n.分析家, 分解者
(2) confrontation[9kCnfrQn`teIFEn]n.面对, 面对面, 对质
(3) sanction[5sANkF(E)n]n. v.制裁
(4) resentment[rI5zentmEnt]n.怨恨, 愤恨
(5) host[hEJst]n.主机,主人,旅馆招待vt.当主人招待
(6) council[5kaJns(E)l]n.政务会, 理事会, 委员会, 参议会, 讨论会议
(7) prevailing[prI5veIlIN]adj.占优势的, 主要的, 流行的
(8) currently[5kQrEntlI]adv.普遍地, 通常地, 现在, 当前
(9) overwhelming adj.压倒性的, 无法抵抗的
(10) majority[mE5dVRrItI; (?@) -5dVC:r-]n.多数, 大半
(11) unanimous[ju:5nAnImEs]adj.意见一致的, 无异议的
(12) destruction[dI5strQkF(E)n]n.破坏, 毁灭
(13) domestic[dE5mestIk]adj.家庭的, 国内的, 与人共处的, 驯服的
(14) factor[5fAktE(r)]n.因素, 要素, 因数, 代理人
(15) ably[5eIblI]adv.能干地, 巧妙地
(16) virtually[5v:tjJElI]adv.事实上, 实质上
(17) static[5stAtIk]adj.静态的, 静力的静电噪声
(18) adapt to适合
(19) accommodate v.容纳,留宿,使...适应

 

1 analyst   

n.分析家，化验员；心理分析学家

参考例句：

• What can you contribute to the position of a market analyst?你有什么技能可有助于市场分析员的职务？
• The analyst is required to interpolate values between standards.分析人员需要在这些标准中插入一些值。

2 analysts   

分析家，化验员( analyst的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• City analysts forecast huge profits this year. 伦敦金融分析家预测今年的利润非常丰厚。
• I was impressed by the high calibre of the researchers and analysts. 研究人员和分析人员的高素质给我留下了深刻印象。

3 confrontation   

n.对抗，对峙，冲突

参考例句：

• We can't risk another confrontation with the union.我们不能冒再次同工会对抗的危险。
• After years of confrontation,they finally have achieved a modus vivendi.在对抗很长时间后，他们最后达成安宁生存的非正式协议。

4 diplomats   

n.外交官( diplomat的名词复数 )；有手腕的人，善于交际的人

参考例句：

• These events led to the expulsion of senior diplomats from the country. 这些事件导致一些高级外交官被驱逐出境。
• The court has no jurisdiction over foreign diplomats living in this country. 法院对驻本国的外交官无裁判权。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 gathering   

n.集会，聚会，聚集

参考例句：

• He called on Mr. White to speak at the gathering.他请怀特先生在集会上讲话。
• He is on the wing gathering material for his novels.他正忙于为他的小说收集资料。

6 endorses   

v.赞同( endorse的第三人称单数 )；在（尤指支票的）背面签字；在（文件的）背面写评论；在广告上说本人使用并赞同某产品

参考例句：

• There isn't one country in the Middle East that now endorses the Eisenhower Doctrine. 但至今没有一个中东国家认可它。 来自辞典例句
• Whether any of this truly endorses Dr Patel's hypothesis is moot. 这些视频能否真正证明帕特的假设成立还是个未知数。 来自互联网

7 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

8 thoroughly   

adv.完全地，彻底地，十足地

参考例句：

• The soil must be thoroughly turned over before planting.一定要先把土地深翻一遍再下种。
• The soldiers have been thoroughly instructed in the care of their weapons.士兵们都系统地接受过保护武器的训练。

9 adversary   

adj.敌手，对手

参考例句：

• He saw her as his main adversary within the company.他将她视为公司中主要的对手。
• They will do anything to undermine their adversary's reputation.他们会不择手段地去损害对手的名誉。

10 dual   

adj.双的；二重的，二元的

参考例句：

• The people's Republic of China does not recognize dual nationality for any Chinese national.中华人民共和国不承认中国公民具有双重国籍。
• He has dual role as composer and conductor.他兼作曲家及指挥的双重身分。

11 containment   

n.阻止，遏制；容量

参考例句：

• Your list might include such things as cost containment,quality,or customer satisfaction.你的清单上应列有诸如成本控制、产品质量、客户满意程度等内容。
• Insularity and self-containment,it is argued,go hand in hand.他们争论说，心胸狭窄和自我封闭是并存的。

12 gulf   

n.海湾；深渊，鸿沟；分歧，隔阂

参考例句：

• The gulf between the two leaders cannot be bridged.两位领导人之间的鸿沟难以跨越。
• There is a gulf between the two cities.这两座城市间有个海湾。