79 世界反贪组织声称南美腐败非常严重

79 世界反贪组织声称南美腐败非常严重

Group says South American Corruption¹ Below Average
Nico Colombant
Rio de Janeiro
28 Jun 2001 05:15 UTC

The world anti-1)corruption organization, Transparency International, places South American countries below average in its annual corruption index. But officials from the group say South America is currently experiencing a 2)crusade to 3)purify public life, which could lead to a reduction of general corruption.
Bolivia, Ecuador and Venezuela all score below three on the one to ten scale of corruption 4)perception, with one being the worst. Argentina, Colombia, Brazil and Peru all score below 4.1, meaning corruption is 5)prevalent in all these countries in South America.
But officials from Transparency International say a long-held 6)regional culture of 7)impunity for political and military officials involved in corruption is beginning to 8)crumble.
Karen Hussman, the Transparency International regional director in Latin America, notes the recent 9)capture of former Peruvian spy chief Vladimiro Montesinos and the 10)judicial² proceedings³ against Argentina's former President Carlos Menem. "I think that cases like [Carlos] Menem, [Vladimiro] Montesinos and the whole corruption network in Peru which came to light are having an effect on the region's 11)consciousness that corruption really is one of the underlying⁴ 12)obstacles to more democratic development, to more social and economic equity," she says. "I think it has also shed light on the 13)dimension of political corruption."
In Peru, a representative of Transparency International, Carlos Morelli, says he hopes the new administration of President-elect Alejandro Toledo will avoid making the same mistakes as the team of Mr. Montesinos and 14)disgraced former President Alberto Fujimori. "I think this is one of the milestones⁵ in the fight against corruption to capture Montesinos," he says. "The example is dramatic of course. It's very difficult for us to recognize how big this corruption system was in the country but it's a nice opportunity for the new president, for [Mr.] Toledo, to organize the government, the civil society and the private sector⁶ in order to 15)avoid this really terrible system of corruption."
Mr. Morelli hopes the 1996 Inter-American 16)convention against corruption will give Peru the power to force Mr. Fujimori back to the country to face charges. Mr. Fujimori fled to Japan, his ancestral homeland, where he has been staying in self-imposed 17)exile since last year.
Sitting presidents in the region also face higher standards of 18)accountability. Opposition⁷ leaders in Brazil are pushing for a 19)probe into alleged⁸ corruption in the administration of President Fernando Henrique Cardoso.
Paraguay's President Luis Gonzalez Macchi, who was recently discovered driving a stolen car, faces calls for his 20)impeachment.
At the same time, countries in the region are voting in new leaders who have made rooting out official corruption their prime goal, including Argentina's Fernando de la Rua and Venezuela's Hugo Chavez.
But the entanglement⁹ of political webs of corruption can be 21)far-reaching. Under judicial questioning in Lima, Mr. Montesinos is quoted as saying he had breakfast with Mr. Chavez before being handed over to Peruvian authorities in Venezuela last week.

(1) corruption[kE5rQpF(E)n]n.腐败, 贪污, 堕落
(2) crusade[kru:5seId]n.宗教战争, 改革运动vi.投身正义运动
(3) purify[5pjJErIfaI]vt.使纯净v.净化
(4) perception[pE5sepF(E)n]n.理解,感知,感觉
(5) prevalent[5prevElEnt]adj.普遍的, 流行的
(6) regional[5ri:dVEn(E)l]adj.整个地区的, 地方地, 地域性地
(7) impunity[Im5pju:nItI]n.不受惩罚, 免罚, 无患
(8) crumble[5krQmb(E)l]v.弄碎, 粉碎, 崩溃n.面包屑
(9) capture[5kAptFE(r)]n.捕获, 战利品vt.俘获, 捕获, 夺取
(10) judicial[dVu:5dIF(E)l]adj.司法的, 法院的, 公正的
(11) consciousness[5kRnFEsnIs]n.意识, 知觉,觉悟, 个人思想
(12) obstacle[5RbstEk(E)l]n.障碍, 妨害物
(13) dimension[dI5menF(E)n]n.尺寸, 尺度
(14) disgrace[dIs5^reIs]n.耻辱, 失宠, 丢脸的人(或事)v.玷污
(15) avoid[E5vCId]vt.避免, 消除
(16) convention[kEn5venF(E)n]n.大会, 协定, 习俗, 惯例
(17) exile[5eksaIl, 5e^saIl]n.放逐, 充军, 流放vt.流放, 使背井离乡
(18) accountability[E9kaJntE`bIlEtI]n.有责任, 有义务, 可说明性
(19) probe into v.探究, 探索
(20) impeachment n.弹劾, 指摘
(21) far-reaching adj.深远的, 伸至远处的, 广大的

 

1 corruption   

n.腐败，堕落，贪污

参考例句：

• The people asked the government to hit out against corruption and theft.人民要求政府严惩贪污盗窃。
• The old man reviled against corruption.那老人痛斥了贪污舞弊。

2 judicial   

adj.司法的，法庭的，审判的，明断的，公正的

参考例句：

• He is a man with a judicial mind.他是个公正的人。
• Tom takes judicial proceedings against his father.汤姆对他的父亲正式提出诉讼。

3 proceedings   

n.进程，过程，议程；诉讼(程序)；公报

参考例句：

• He was released on bail pending committal proceedings. 他交保获释正在候审。
• to initiate legal proceedings against sb 对某人提起诉讼

4 underlying   

adj.在下面的，含蓄的，潜在的

参考例句：

• The underlying theme of the novel is very serious.小说隐含的主题是十分严肃的。
• This word has its underlying meaning.这个单词有它潜在的含义。

5 milestones   

n.重要事件( milestone的名词复数 )；重要阶段；转折点；里程碑

参考例句：

• Several important milestones in foreign policy have been passed by this Congress and they can be chalked up as major accomplishments. 这次代表大会通过了对外政策中几起划时代的事件，并且它们可作为主要成就记录下来。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Dale: I really envy your milestones over the last few years, Don. 我真的很羡慕你在过去几年中所建立的丰功伟绩。 来自互联网

6 sector   

n.部门，部分；防御地段，防区；扇形

参考例句：

• The export sector will aid the economic recovery. 出口产业将促进经济复苏。
• The enemy have attacked the British sector.敌人已进攻英国防区。

7 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

8 alleged   

a.被指控的，嫌疑的

参考例句：

• It was alleged that he had taken bribes while in office. 他被指称在任时收受贿赂。
• alleged irregularities in the election campaign 被指称竞选运动中的不正当行为

9 entanglement   

n.纠缠，牵累

参考例句：

• This entanglement made Carrie anxious for a change of some sort.这种纠葛弄得嘉莉急于改变一下。
• There is some uncertainty about this entanglement with the city treasurer which you say exists.对于你所说的与市财政局长之间的纠葛,大家有些疑惑。