秘鲁新总统--从贫困中崛起的经济学家

08 秘鲁新总统--从贫困中崛起的经济学家

Peru's New Leader Rose From Poverty to Power
Bill Rodgers
Lima
4 Jun 2001 22:15 UTC
 
Alejandro Toledo, a former shoe-shine boy turned 1)economist¹, is now Peru's President-elect, following his victory Sunday in a 2)runoff election against a populist former President.
Mr. Toledo was born March 28, 1946 into a 3)poverty-stricken farm family of Amerindian 4)heritage. They lived in the tiny village of Cabana, in the department of Ancash, north of Lima. One of 16 children, he grew up in the port city of Chimbote - attending school, while working as a shoe-shine boy and soft-drink 5)vendor.
He was bright in school and won a 6)scholarship to study in the United States - arriving in 1965 when he was just 18 years old. Majoring in economics, he received an advanced degree from Stanford University.
He later went to work as a 7)consultant at the United Nations, the Inter-American Development Bank, and the World Bank. In 1995, he ran for President, but received just three percent of the vote.
In this year's successful 8)campaign leading up to Sunday's election, his expertise² as an economist was one of his greatest 9)assets. During his victory speech Sunday night, Mr. Toledo said he would use his experience to help 10)revive Peru's 11)stagnant economy. "You have my profession as an economist at the service of the country," he declared to a cheering crowd of thousands gathered to hear him speak at a downtown Lima hotel.
It was the same hotel, the Sheraton, where Mr. Toledo more than a year ago 12)launched his protest against then-President Alberto Fujimori, who was re-elected to a third term in an electoral process tainted³ by irregularities. At the time, Mr. Toledo was the principal opposition⁴ Presidential candidate, but ended up 13)boycotting the election.
Mr. Toledo's protest campaign against the 14)autocratic Peruvian leader succeeded in mobilizing thousands of people to demonstrate at Mr. Fujimori's 15)inauguration last July. But it was the political uproar⁵ following the release last September of a videotape showing Mr. Fujimori's spy chief bribing⁶ an opposition lawmaker that led to the 16)ouster of the Peruvian President in November.
This role as protest leader and defender⁷ of democracy led many Peruvians to support Mr. Toledo's bid for the presidency⁸. A former close aide at the time, journalist Alvaro Vargas Llosa, remembers being impressed by Mr. Toledo.
"He became a real civilian⁹ hero, he became somebody full of civic¹⁰ virtue¹¹ who was able to rally an enormous amount of Peruvians who thought very differently about politics and economics - from all 17)ideological walks of life, even from the left to the right, and I thought there was enormous potential for a President there," Mr. Vargas Llosa recalled. "But I would say now, looking back, it's clear that as well as civic virtues¹² within him, there was a fire to get power. He was 18)obsessed with getting power, of course 19)legitimately, the election had been stolen from him."
Mr. Vargas Llosa broke with Mr. Toledo in April, as 20)accusations¹³ swirled¹⁴ around the 21)candidate that he had 22)misappropriated funds destined¹⁵ for use in last year's protest movement. Mr. Toledo's personal life and judgement also were questioned, when allegations surfaced that he had used 23)cocaine and fathered, and then abandoned, an 24)illegitimate child.
Mr. Toledo denies these accusations, calling them part of a political 25)smear campaign against him. But opinion polls before Sunday's election showed many Peruvians considered him to be less than truthful¹⁶.
University of Lima political scientist Joanna Drzewieniecki says the President-elect has a chance to 26)surmount these doubts about him. "The first thing Toledo has to do is to provide confidence in the fact that he's going to be a capable President, and the first important step will be who he names to his 27)cabinet," she said. "I think he's lucky in the fact that he has the choice of some of the best Peruvians and if he makes choices of people that generate a lot of confidence at home and abroad that'll be very important."
The election of a president of Amerindian 28)descent is a major event for many of Mr. Toledo's followers¹⁷, who say it 29)overshadows some of these character issues. More than 80 percent of this Andean nation's 26 million people are poor or of mixed race.
In a recent interview, Mr. Toledo talked about his indigenous¹⁸ heritage and the need to heal Peru's divisions. "I want to be a President of all Peruvians," he said. "We are experiencing a country with deep divisions, 30)fragmented, deep wounds, polarized politically, economically, socially. If we really want to bring this country into 31)sustained rates of economic growth and social development we need to construct govern ability and that means we need to 32)integrate."
Mr. Toledo will get his chance to do this, after he is sworn-in as President on July 28.

(1) economist[I5kRnEmIst]n.经济学者, 经济家
(2) runoff n. 决赛, 决定性竞选
(3) poverty[5pRvEtI]n.贫穷, 贫困, 贫乏, 缺少
(4) heritage[5herItIdV]n.遗产, 继承权, 传统
(5) vendor[5vendE(r), -dC:(r)]n.卖主
(6) scholarship[5skRlEFIp]n.奖学金,学问,学识
(7) consultant[kEn5sQltEnt]n.顾问, 商议者, 咨询者
(8) campaign[kAm5peIn]n. (政治或商业性)活动, 竞选运动vi.参加活动, 作战
(9) assets n.资产
(10) revive[rI5vaIv]v.(使)苏醒, (使)复兴, (使)复活
(11) stagnant[5stA^nEnt]adj.停滞的, 迟钝的
(12) launch[lC:ntF]n.发射, 发行, 投放市场vt.发动, 发起vi. 投入, 开始
(13) boycott[5bCIkRt]n.vt.联合抵制, 联合排斥某国货物或与某国绝交
(14) autocratic[9R:tEJ`krAtIk]adj.独裁的, 专制的
(15) inauguration[InC:^jJ5reIF(E)n]n.就职典礼, 开幕式
(16) ouster[`aJstE(r)]n.驱逐, 夺取,[律]剥夺,驱逐
(17) ideological[9aIdIEJ`ICdVIkEl, 9IdI-]adj.意识形态的
(18) obsess[Eb5ses]vt.迷住, 使困扰
(19) legitimately adv.正当地, 合理地
(20) accusation[Akju:zeIF(E)n]n.谴责, [律]指控
(21) candidate[5kAndIdEt; (?@) 5kAndIdeIt]n.候选人, 投考者
(22) misappropriate[mIsE5prEJprIeIt]v.盗用
(23) cocaine[kEJ5keIn]n.古柯碱,可卡因
(24) illegitimate child 非婚生子(女)
(25) smear[smIE(r)]v.涂污, 诽谤n.油迹, 污点, 中伤
(26) surmount[sE5maJnt]vt.战胜, 超越, 克服, 在...顶上
(27) cabinet[5kAbInIt]n.(有抽屉或格子的)橱柜, 内阁adj.内阁的
(28)  descent[dI5sent] n.世系, 血统, 侵袭
(29) overshadow[EJvE5FAdEJ]v.遮蔽, 使...失色
(30) fragmented[ frA^`mentId, `frA^mEntId ]adj.成碎片的, 片断的
(31) sustained[sE`steInd]adj.持续不变的, 相同的
(32) integrate[5IntI^reIt]vt.使成整体, 使一体化, 求...的积分v.结合

 

 

1 economist   

n.经济学家，经济专家，节俭的人

参考例句：

• He cast a professional economist's eyes on the problem.他以经济学行家的眼光审视这个问题。
• He's an economist who thinks he knows all the answers.他是个经济学家，自以为什么都懂。

2 expertise   

n.专门知识(或技能等)，专长

参考例句：

• We were amazed at his expertise on the ski slopes.他斜坡滑雪的技能使我们赞叹不已。
• You really have the technical expertise in a new breakthrough.让你真正在专业技术上有一个全新的突破。

3 tainted   

adj.腐坏的；污染的；沾污的；感染的v.使变质( taint的过去式和过去分词 )；使污染；败坏；被污染，腐坏，败坏

参考例句：

• The administration was tainted with scandal. 丑闻使得政府声名狼藉。
• He was considered tainted by association with the corrupt regime. 他因与腐败政府有牵连而名誉受损。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

5 uproar   

n.骚动，喧嚣，鼎沸

参考例句：

• She could hear the uproar in the room.她能听见房间里的吵闹声。
• His remarks threw the audience into an uproar.他的讲话使听众沸腾起来。

6 bribing   

贿赂

参考例句：

• He tried to escape by bribing the guard. 他企图贿赂警卫而逃走。
• Always a new way of bribing unknown and maybe nonexistent forces. 总是用诸如此类的新方法来讨好那不知名的、甚或根本不存在的魔力。 来自英汉非文学 - 科幻

7 defender   

n.保卫者，拥护者，辩护人

参考例句：

• He shouldered off a defender and shot at goal.他用肩膀挡开防守队员，然后射门。
• The defender argued down the prosecutor at the court.辩护人在法庭上驳倒了起诉人。

8 presidency   

n.总统(校长，总经理)的职位(任期)

参考例句：

• Roosevelt was elected four times to the presidency of the United States.罗斯福连续当选四届美国总统。
• Two candidates are emerging as contestants for the presidency.两位候选人最终成为总统职位竞争者。

9 civilian   

adj.平民的，民用的，民众的

参考例句：

• There is no reliable information about civilian casualties.关于平民的伤亡还没有确凿的信息。
• He resigned his commission to take up a civilian job.他辞去军职而从事平民工作。

10 civic   

adj.城市的，都市的，市民的，公民的

参考例句：

• I feel it is my civic duty to vote.我认为投票选举是我作为公民的义务。
• The civic leaders helped to forward the project.市政府领导者协助促进工程的进展。

11 virtue   

n.德行，美德；贞操；优点；功效，效力

参考例句：

• He was considered to be a paragon of virtue.他被认为是品德尽善尽美的典范。
• You need to decorate your mind with virtue.你应该用德行美化心灵。

12 virtues   

美德( virtue的名词复数 )； 德行； 优点； 长处

参考例句：

• Doctors often extol the virtues of eating less fat. 医生常常宣扬少吃脂肪的好处。
• She delivered a homily on the virtues of family life. 她进行了一场家庭生活美德方面的说教。

13 accusations   

n.指责( accusation的名词复数 )；指控；控告；（被告发、控告的）罪名

参考例句：

• There were accusations of plagiarism. 曾有过关于剽窃的指控。
• He remained unruffled by their accusations. 对于他们的指控他处之泰然。

14 swirled   

v.旋转，打旋( swirl的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The waves swirled and eddied around the rocks. 波浪翻滚着在岩石周围打旋。
• The water swirled down the drain. 水打着旋流进了下水道。

15 destined   

adj.命中注定的；(for)以…为目的地的

参考例句：

• It was destined that they would marry.他们结婚是缘分。
• The shipment is destined for America.这批货物将运往美国。

16 truthful   

adj.真实的，说实话的，诚实的

参考例句：

• You can count on him for a truthful report of the accident.你放心，他会对事故作出如实的报告的。
• I don't think you are being entirely truthful.我认为你并没全讲真话。

17 followers   

追随者( follower的名词复数 )； 用户； 契据的附面； 从动件

参考例句：

• the followers of Mahatma Gandhi 圣雄甘地的拥护者
• The reformer soon gathered a band of followers round him. 改革者很快就获得一群追随者支持他。

18 indigenous   

adj.土产的，土生土长的，本地的

参考例句：

• Each country has its own indigenous cultural tradition.每个国家都有自己本土的文化传统。
• Indians were the indigenous inhabitants of America.印第安人是美洲的土著居民。