肯尼亚加入艾滋DREAMS项目

肯尼亚加入艾滋DREAMS项目

Kenya will be getting new support to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS among adolescent girls. President Obama announced Sunday that Kenya would be included in the DREAMS project. It’s funded by the U.S., the Nike Foundation and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.

肯尼亚将获得新支持来为女孩们预防和治疗艾滋病毒与艾滋病，奥巴马总统周日宣布肯尼亚将加入DREAMS项目，该项目由美国、耐克基金会和比尔和梅林达盖茨基金会资助。

Adolescent girls are hard hit by HIV/AIDS. It’s estimated seven thousand die every year from the disease.They also account for about 74 percent of new infections among adolescents.

年轻女孩受到艾滋病毒与艾滋病的极大影响，估计每年有7000人死于该疾病，占青少年新感染比例的74%。

The $210 million DREAMS project falls under PEPFAR, the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. Dr. Deborah Birx is the U.S. Global AIDS Coordinator¹ and in charge of PEPFAR.

这项涉资2.1亿美元的DREAMS项目属于总统总统防治艾滋病紧急救援计划(PEPFAR)的一部分，黛博拉·伯克斯是美国全球艾滋病事务协调员和PEPFAR的负责人。

She said, “DREAMS is a very exciting new program for us where the D stands for determine, the R for resilient, the E for empowered, the A for AIDS-free and the M for mentored² and the S for safe. And that acronym³ – that combination of items – we think is really going to be key to keep young women HIV-free.

“对我们来说DREAMS是个令人激动的新项目，D代表决心，R代表韧性，E代表赋权，A代表无艾，M代表指导，S代表安全，所有这一切对保持年轻女孩无艾是很关键的。”

Ambassador Birx said the overall rate of new HIV infections in sub-Saharan Africa has fallen over the last 10 years. She credited efforts by individual countries, PEPFAR and the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB and Malaria⁴. But she said changing demographics on the continent are having an effect on the epidemic⁵.

伯克斯大使说，过去10年间撒哈拉南部非洲的艾滋病毒总感染率已经下降，她称赞了各个国家、PEPFAR和全球抗击艾滋病毒、肺结核和疟疾基金会的努力，但她说改变非洲的人口结果将对该疫情产生影响。

“Africa also has this exciting, expanding young adult [population]. So, there are 30 percent more young adults now than at the beginning of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. So, you can see just by the sheer numbers even if you hold the rates of HIV new infections at the same (level), because there’s so many more young adults at risk your actually number of HIV infected goes significantly up,” she said.

“非洲的年轻人数量增长很快，现在有超过30%的年轻人处于艾滋病毒和艾滋病早期，有了艾滋病毒新感染率就能算出这个人数，因为有这么多年轻人面临风险，所以艾滋病毒的感染数量也增长很快。”

And adolescent girls and young women are bearing the brunt of that.

在这方面女孩和年轻妇女首当其冲。

“We know young women in general are two to three to four and some cases 10 times more likely to become HIV infected than young men of the exact same age group. So, this is very much focused on meeting the needs of young women where they are in the communities to address their specific issues that lead to higher HIV risk – and to ensure that they grow up as part of this commitment to an AIDS-free generation,” said Birx.

“我们知道，与同样年龄的年轻男子群体相比，年轻女子感染上艾滋病毒的几率要多三到四倍，有时甚至10倍。所以，我们需要非常关注年轻女性的需求，在她们的社区里解决导致艾滋病毒高风险的具体问题，确保她们能作为无艾一代长大。”

Kenya will receive $30 million extra in HIV funding from the DREAMS project. Programs are already in place, so they can begin right away.

肯尼亚将从DREAMS项目获得额外3000万美元的艾滋病毒基金，目前该项目已经安排就绪，所以可以马上实施。

Dr. Birx attended the recent International AIDS Society Conference on Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment in Vancouver, Canada. She said among the scientific studies presented was further proof that the sooner HIV infected people receive antiretrovirals the better.

伯克斯最近参加了在加拿大温哥华举行的国际艾滋病学会病理、预防和治疗会议，她说科学研究进一步表明，艾滋病毒感染者越早获得抗逆转录药物，结果会越好。

“If patients start on treatment early, they can have this almost identical lifespan to someone who is HIV negative. So this is extraordinarily⁶ exciting, and that’s what happened over the last decade in sub-Saharan Africa. So, we’ve reversed the dying. Now we have to even do a better job on decreasing the number of new infections.”

“如果患者及早获得治疗，他们的寿命几乎和艾滋病阴性人的寿命差不多。所以这是非常令人激动的，过去10年来撒哈拉南部非洲就出现这样的情况。所以我们克服了死亡，现在我们必须在减少新感染数量上做得更好。”

The PEPFAR chief said preventing new infections among adolescents is cheaper than treating them once they are infected. That, she says, could strain financial resources.

这位PEPFAR负责人说，预防青少年新感染所需成本比在感染后治疗的成本要低，而感染后治疗就会令财政资源紧张。

Two of the biggest obstacles to helping⁷ girls and young women living with HIV are stigma⁸ and discrimination.

携带艾滋病毒的女孩和年轻女性所面临的两大问题是羞耻和歧视。

“We feel like, overall, across the world we’ve made the least progress in stigma and discrimination. And this has really undermined the abilities of individuals and communities to protect themselves from HIV because people are hiding their sero status. There’s still unrelenting stigma at the community level. So, people living with HIV/AIDS around the world are still forced into the shadows of their community,” said Birx.

“我们感到，就全世界而言，我们在羞耻和歧视方面取得的进步最小。这就削弱了个体和社会保护自己免得艾滋病的能力，因为人们会掩饰自己的病情。同时社会上一直对艾滋病感到羞耻，所以全世界的艾滋病毒携带者和患者被迫生活在社区的阴影里。”

She said as a result, fewer people are coming forward to be tested. People are hiding their antiretroviral pills so friends and family won’t learn their HIV status. Birx said it’s critical women are empowered and have the means to protect themselves.

她说这样，越来越少的人愿意去化验。人们会掩藏自己的抗逆转录药物，这样他们的亲朋好友就不了解他们的情况。伯克斯说，关键是赋权妇女，让她们有保护自己的手段。

“We know from our gender-based violence studies -- we’ve been supporting, what we call, violence against children surveys in 10 African countries over the last five years – and it’s clear that young women are specifically susceptible⁹ to gender-based violence and have a much higher risk of either acquiring HIV through gender-based violence or through other behaviors that occurred due to the gender-based violence that had occurred earlier.”

“根据性别暴力的研究，根据过去5年来10个非洲国家儿童暴力的研究，显然年轻女性尤其容易受到性别暴力的影响，更容易通过性暴力或因为之前的性别暴力而引发的行为感染上艾滋病毒。”

 

Ambassador Birx said young women must stand up for themselves. But she also says communities have to “wrap their arms around young women and value them and protect them from the perpetrators of gender-based violence.”

伯克斯大使说，年轻女性必须站起来保护自己。但她说社会也必须帮助年轻女性，珍视她们，保护她们免受性暴力实施者的伤害。

1 coordinator   

n.协调人

参考例句：

• The UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, headed by the Emergency Relief Coordinator, coordinates all UN emergency relief. 联合国人道主义事务协调厅在紧急救济协调员领导下，负责协调联合国的所有紧急救济工作。
• How am I supposed to find the client-relations coordinator? 我怎么才能找到客户关系协调员的办公室？

2 mentored   

v.（无经验之人的）有经验可信赖的顾问( mentor的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• They had a fantastic dean who really mentored a lot of people. 那儿的教务长非常出色，的确为许多人提供了指导。 来自互联网
• The famous professor mentored him during his years in graduate school. 那位著名的教授在他读研究生期间指导他。 来自互联网

3 acronym   

n.首字母简略词，简称

参考例句：

• That's a mouthful of an acronym for a very simple technology.对于一项非常简单的技术来说，这是一个很绕口的缩写词。
• TSDF is an acronym for Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facilities.TSDF是处理，储存和处置设施的一个缩写。

4 malaria   

n.疟疾

参考例句：

• He had frequent attacks of malaria.他常患疟疾。
• Malaria is a kind of serious malady.疟疾是一种严重的疾病。

5 epidemic   

n.流行病；盛行；adj.流行性的，流传极广的

参考例句：

• That kind of epidemic disease has long been stamped out.那种传染病早已绝迹。
• The authorities tried to localise the epidemic.当局试图把流行病限制在局部范围。

6 extraordinarily   

adv.格外地；极端地

参考例句：

• She is an extraordinarily beautiful girl.她是个美丽非凡的姑娘。
• The sea was extraordinarily calm that morning.那天清晨，大海出奇地宁静。

7 helping   

n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的

参考例句：

• The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
• By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。

8 stigma   

n.耻辱，污名；(花的)柱头

参考例句：

• Being an unmarried mother used to carry a social stigma.做未婚母亲在社会上曾是不光彩的事。
• The stigma of losing weighed heavily on the team.失败的耻辱让整个队伍压力沉重。

9 susceptible   

adj.过敏的，敏感的；易动感情的，易受感动的

参考例句：

• Children are more susceptible than adults.孩子比成人易受感动。
• We are all susceptible to advertising.我们都易受广告的影响。