VOA常速英语2016--预防和控制Zika病毒的办法

预防和控制Zika病毒的办法

Zika virus is transmitted through mosquito bites. In humans, it causes a mild illness known as Zika fever, Zika, or Zika disease. The illness it causes is similar to a mild form of dengue fever and is treated by rest, and cannot be prevented by drugs or vaccines².

Zika病毒是通过蚊虫叮咬传播的，它能导致人出现Zika热这种不太严重的疾病，它所导致的疾病与不严重的登革热比较类似，可以通过休息来治疗，但无法通过药物或疫苗加以预防。

The most common symptoms of Zika virus disease are fever, rash, joint³ pain, and conjunctivitis, or red eyes. The illness is usually mild with symptoms lasting⁴ from several days to a week. Severe disease requiring hospitalization is uncommon⁵.

Zika病毒所致疾病最常见的症状是发热、起疹子、关节疼痛和红眼，这种疾病通常比较温和，其症状可持续几天到一周，需要住院的紧急情况不常见。

Prior to 2015, Zika virus outbreaks have occurred in areas of Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific Islands.

2015年以前，Zika病毒在非洲、东南亚和太平洋岛屿上一些地区出现。

In May 2015, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) issued an alert regarding the first confirmed Zika virus infections in Brazil. The outbreak in Brazil led to reports of Guillain-Barre syndrome⁶ and pregnant women giving birth to babies with severe birth defects and poor pregnancy⁷ outcomes.

2015年5月，泛美卫生组织(PAHO)就巴西第一例确诊的Zika病毒发布警报，巴西的疫情发生后，有报道称出现格林-巴利综合征，有孕妇产出有严重出生缺陷的婴儿和其他不良妊娠结果。

Currently, many other countries are reporting cases of Zika. Zika virus will continue to spread and it will be difficult to determine how the virus will spread over time.

目前，其他很多国家也报告出现Zika病例，Zika病毒将继续传播，很难判断未来该病毒将如何传播。

No vaccine¹ exists to prevent Zika. Prevent it by avoiding mosquito bites. Mosquitoes that spread Zika virus bite mostly during the daytime.

目前没有预防Zika的疫苗，预防的办法就是防止蚊虫叮咬，传播Zika病毒的蚊子主要是白天叮咬人的。

When traveling to countries where Zika virus or other viruses spread by mosquitoes are found, take the following steps: use insect repellents; treat clothing with permethrin or purchase permethrin-treated clothing, when weather permits, wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants; use air conditioning or window/door screens to keep mosquitoes outside. If you are not able to protect yourself from mosquitoes inside your home or hotel, sleep under a mosquito bed net.

如果要去出现Zika等其他蚊虫传播病毒的国家旅行，请遵照下面的建议：使用驱蚊剂，在衣服上喷洒扑灭司林或购买用扑灭司林处理过的衣服，如果天气允许，穿长袖衣服和长裤，用空调、纱窗或门帘来赶走蚊虫。如果没办法将蚊子从家中或旅馆赶走，那就在蚊帐里睡觉。

Help reduce the number of mosquitoes inside and outside your home or hotel room by emptying standing⁸ water from containers such as flowerpots or buckets.

清空花盆和桶等容器里的积水，也可减少家里和旅馆里的蚊子。

If you have Zika, protect others from getting sick. During the first week of infection, Zika virus can be found in the blood and passed from an infected person to another mosquito through mosquito bites. An infected mosquito can then spread the virus to other people.

如果你已感染Zika病毒，那就保护其他人不要感染上。在感染的第一周，可以在血液中发现Zika病毒，可以通过蚊虫叮咬将病毒从感染者那里传播给其他蚊子，感染的蚊子可以将病毒传播给其他人。

To help prevent others from getting sick, avoid mosquito bites during the first week of illness. In addition, there has been one report of sexual transmission of the Zika virus, and one report of transmission through blood transfusion⁹.

要预防其他人感染，在患病的第一周避免蚊虫叮咬。另外，有一则报道称Zika病毒可通过性传播，另一则报告称可以通过输血传播。

 

Prevention is the best means of combating the spread Zika and related illnesses.

预防是抗击Zika等相关疾病的最好办法。

1 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

2 vaccines   

疫苗，痘苗( vaccine的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His team are at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines. 他的小组处于疫苗科研的最前沿。
• The vaccines were kept cool in refrigerators. 疫苗放在冰箱中冷藏。

3 joint   

adj.联合的，共同的；n.关节，接合处；v.连接，贴合

参考例句：

• I had a bad fall,which put my shoulder out of joint.我重重地摔了一跤，肩膀脫臼了。
• We wrote a letter in joint names.我们联名写了封信。

4 lasting   

adj.永久的，永恒的；vbl.持续，维持

参考例句：

• The lasting war debased the value of the dollar.持久的战争使美元贬值。
• We hope for a lasting settlement of all these troubles.我们希望这些纠纷能获得永久的解决。

5 uncommon   

adj.罕见的，非凡的，不平常的

参考例句：

• Such attitudes were not at all uncommon thirty years ago.这些看法在30年前很常见。
• Phil has uncommon intelligence.菲尔智力超群。

6 syndrome   

n.综合病症；并存特性

参考例句：

• The Institute says that an unidentified virus is to blame for the syndrome. 该研究所表示,引起这种综合症的是一种尚未确认的病毒。
• Results indicated that 11 fetuses had Down syndrome. 结果表明有11个胎儿患有唐氏综合征。

7 pregnancy   

n.怀孕，怀孕期

参考例句：

• Early pregnancy is often accompanied by nausea.怀孕早期常有恶心的现象。
• Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of miscarriage.怀孕期吸烟会增加流产的危险。

8 standing   

n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的

参考例句：

• After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
• They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。

9 transfusion   

n.输血，输液

参考例句：

• She soon came to her senses after a blood transfusion.输血后不久她就苏醒了。
• The doctor kept him alive by a blood transfusion.医生靠输血使他仍然活着。