VOA常速英语2019--海洋热浪变得更加频繁

The new research says that wild oceans are constantly fluctuating in temperature, these days they are getting hotter a lot more often. “In that sixty difference, we saw an increase in an over 50 percent of the number of marine¹ heatwave days, but you could expect across the globe in any one year.”Dan Smale works for Britain’s Marine Biological Association. He says that wild marine heat waves aren’t uncommon². They’re becoming more common, because in many places climate change is raising the average temperature of ocean water.

新的研究表明，海洋世界的温度一直在波动，这些天它们变得越来越热。“在这不同的60天中，我们发现超过一半的天数中，海洋温度持续增加，你可以猜想全球任何一年的情况。”Dan Smale就职于英国海洋生物协会。他说，海洋热浪并不罕见。它们变得越来越普遍，因为在许多地方，气候变化正在使海水的平均温度升高。

“There’s natural fluctuations³ and temperature in the oceans on the atmosphere.When they happen now, because their background are the global warming and ocean warming, when they happen, they tend to occur in regions that have become much warmer in recent decades,so a starting point for these events is much hotter than it used to be.”The result is that the plants and animals that live in these areas are having trouble dealing⁴ with the increased heat.

“在大气中，海洋会有自然波动和温度变化。但是，它们现在发生时，因为全球变暖、海洋变暖，所以当它们发生的时候，往往发生在最近几十年变得更加温暖的地区，所以温度起点也就比过去要高。”其结果是，生活在这些地区的动植物很难适应日益增加的热量。

“The wild marine heat waves are really intense or really long lasting,then we’ve seen the large scale die-out of the foundation of these species and consequent changes in entire ecosystems⁶.”Seagrass and kelp are particularly sensitive like coral reefs. These kelp forests are huge islands of biodiversity and when they get stressed, the whole system suffers.“We’ve seen in the Mediterranean⁷ where they’ve lost loads of seagrass, huge changes in biodiversity and ecosystem⁵ structure.And similarly in Australia on both the east and west coasts, we’ve seen large-scale loss of kelp forest habitats, marine forests and that’s led to large-scale loss of biodiversity and changes in function.”

“海洋热浪非常强烈、持续时间也长，我们看到这些物种大规模死亡，整个生态系统也会随之发生变化。”海草和海带特别敏感，就像珊瑚礁。这些海带林像是巨大的岛屿，保证着生物多样性，当它们受到压力时，整个系统都会受损。“我们看到，在地中海，大量海草死亡，生物多样性和生态系统也随之发生了巨大的变化。同样，在澳大利亚东海岸和西海岸，我们看到大规模的海带林、海洋森林消失，生物多样性亦大规模减少，它们的功能也产生了变化。”

The solution of course is to stop the climate change that is driving the warming.“We really want to mitigate⁸ the effects of these marine heat waves. We need to quite urgently reduce the greenhouse gas emissions⁹ and move away from a carbon-based economy.”Seaweed and kelp also act as carbon sinks soaking up a lot of the excess carbon we’re pumping into the atmosphere, so keeping these forests intact, Smale says, is a big part of fighting climate change.

当然，解决办法就是阻止全球变暖、气候变化。“我们真的想减轻这些海洋热浪的影响。我们迫切需要减少温室气体排放，摆脱以碳为基础的经济。”海藻和海带还充当碳汇的角色，它们能大量吸收人类排放到大气中的过剩碳，因此保证海洋森林完整是应对气候变化的一个重要部分。

1 marine   

adj.海的；海生的；航海的；海事的；n.水兵

参考例句：

• Marine creatures are those which live in the sea. 海洋生物是生存在海里的生物。
• When the war broke out,he volunteered for the Marine Corps.战争爆发时，他自愿参加了海军陆战队。

2 uncommon   

adj.罕见的，非凡的，不平常的

参考例句：

• Such attitudes were not at all uncommon thirty years ago.这些看法在30年前很常见。
• Phil has uncommon intelligence.菲尔智力超群。

3 fluctuations   

波动，涨落，起伏( fluctuation的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• He showed the price fluctuations in a statistical table. 他用统计表显示价格的波动。
• There were so many unpredictable fluctuations on the Stock Exchange. 股票市场瞬息万变。

4 dealing   

n.经商方法，待人态度

参考例句：

• This store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.该商店因买卖公道而享有极高的声誉。
• His fair dealing earned our confidence.他的诚实的行为获得我们的信任。

5 ecosystem   

n.生态系统

参考例句：

• This destroyed the ecosystem of the island.这样破坏了岛上的生态系统。
• We all have an interest in maintaining the integrity of the ecosystem.维持生态系统的完整是我们共同的利益。

6 ecosystems   

n.生态系统( ecosystem的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• There are highly sensitive and delicately balanced ecosystems in the forest. 森林里有高度敏感、灵敏平衡的各种生态系统。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Madagascar's ecosystems range from rainforest to semi-desert. 马达加斯加生态系统类型多样，从雨林到半荒漠等不一而足。 来自辞典例句

7 Mediterranean   

adj.地中海的；地中海沿岸的

参考例句：

• The houses are Mediterranean in character.这些房子都属地中海风格。
• Gibraltar is the key to the Mediterranean.直布罗陀是地中海的要冲。

8 mitigate   

vt.（使）减轻，（使）缓和

参考例句：

• The government is trying to mitigate the effects of inflation.政府正试图缓和通货膨胀的影响。
• Governments should endeavour to mitigate distress.政府应努力缓解贫困问题。

9 emissions   

排放物( emission的名词复数 )； 散发物（尤指气体）

参考例句：

• Most scientists accept that climate change is linked to carbon emissions. 大多数科学家都相信气候变化与排放的含碳气体有关。
• Dangerous emissions radiate from plutonium. 危险的辐射物从钚放散出来。