VOA常速英语2019--反疫苗运动或加重美国麻疹疫情

While measles¹ persist in other parts of the world mostly because of a lack of resources to vaccinate² people, in the United States, a growing number of people are reluctant to vaccinate their children because they fear it’s dangerous. And we have growing pockets of susceptibility so that when we do have someone travel from New York to Israel or from Europe to Disneyland or whatever you envision, we have the opportunity for much larger outbreaks.

虽然世界上其他地方麻疹难除的原因大部分是缺少接种资源，但美国越来越多的人虽然不缺少资源，但却不愿意给孩子接种疫苗，因为他们担心有危险。这个因为我们有这样的担心，所以当真的有人从纽约去往以色列或者从欧洲去往迪士尼，或者其他什么路线的时候，就有可能爆发更大规模的疫情。

There are now measles cases in fifteen states,including outbreaks in Washington and New York. California, Mississippi and West Virginia do not allow exemptions³ from vaccinations⁴ except for medical reasons. 47 sates allow exemptions. Of those 47, 18 that also allow non-medical exemptions with reasons for personal philosophic⁵ beliefs and that is the background.

现在已经有一些麻疹案例出现在15个州了，包括华盛顿和纽约。加州、密西西比州和西弗吉尼亚州强制要求注射疫苗，除非有医疗依据。47个州允许不注射疫苗。在这47个州中，有18个州也允许非医疗依据的拒绝注射，前提是拒绝者有个人哲学信仰背景。

Most people recover from measles, but in the United States one in 1,000 who contract the disease will die.

大多数麻疹病人都可以恢复，但在美国，1000个麻疹患者中就有1个人死亡。

The anti-vaccine⁶ movement gained momentum⁷ when a 1998 study later retracted⁸ linked autism to the MMR vaccine that inoculates⁹ against measles, mumps¹⁰ and rubella giving ammunition¹¹ to critics.

反疫苗运动越来越壮大，起因是1998年的一项研究虽然发表后被撤回，但研究将自闭症与麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹的混合疫苗（MMR）联系起来，给了批评家以口实。

Nobody can scientifically say whether the MMR is actually causing more harm and rubella.

没有人可以借用科学来声称MMR是否造成损害或者引发风疹。

The reason for that is like other vaccine, it is, it it’s not required to be safety tested.

原因是：像其他疫苗一样，这种疫苗无需进行安全测试。

But public health agencies and major medical organizations say after decades of use, the MMR vaccine has been proven safe and highly effective.

不过，很多公共卫生机构和大型医疗组织表示，数十年的使用表明MMR是安全高效的。

The autism link has been repeatedly disproved, says vaccine researcher Dr. Peter Hotez whose daughter has autism.

与自闭症之间的联系是人们一直以来的槽点，疫苗研究员皮特如是说道。他的女儿就患有自闭症。

He says misinformation is spread on social media with messages targeted by regions.

他表示，错误信息在社交媒体上传播着，其中一些信息集中在某些地区。

So with Texas, they see the soft underbelly being the far political right, the Tea Party and they use tea party language.

以德克萨斯州为例，他们认为该州的软肋是右派民粹主义的茶叶党，所以以茶叶党的语气发言。

Up in the Pacific Northwest and North State Oregon, they might use language in the far left.

而在太平洋西北部及北俄勒冈州，他们可能就用左派民粹主义的语言。

The battle is being fought state-by-state.

各个州相继上演这一混战。

The parents know more about what’s good for that child and the corrupted¹² regulatory agency isn’t big pharmaceutical¹³ companies.

父母更了解什么对孩子有好处，而腐败成风的监管机构也不是大型制药公司。

Medical experts say the vaccine is essential to public health because measles is highly contagious¹⁴.

一些医学专家认为，这类疫苗对于公共健康必不可少，因为麻疹传染性极高。

Even if you’re don’t share the room with the person at the same time, the virus can remain in the air for at least a couple of hours, infecting anyone who is susceptible¹⁵ and potentially causing deadly outbreaks like money underway around the world.

即便你和麻疹患者没有共处一室，麻疹病毒依然可以留在空气中几小时的时间，会传染到抵抗力弱的人，还有可能引发致命麻疹爆发，就像全球的货币流通一样。

1 measles   

n.麻疹，风疹，包虫病，痧子

参考例句：

• The doctor is quite definite about Tom having measles.医生十分肯定汤姆得了麻疹。
• The doctor told her to watch out for symptoms of measles.医生叫她注意麻疹出现的症状。

2 vaccinate   

vt.给…接种疫苗；种牛痘

参考例句：

• Local health officials then can plan the best times to vaccinate people.这样，当地的卫生官员就可以安排最佳时间给人们接种疫苗。
• Doctors vaccinate us so that we do not catch smallpox.医生给我们打预防针使我们不会得天花。

3 exemptions   

n.（义务等的）免除( exemption的名词复数 )；免（税）；（收入中的）免税额

参考例句：

• The exemptions for interpretive rules, policy statements, and procedural rules have just been discussed. 有关解释性规则、政策说明和程序规则的免责我们刚刚讨论过。 来自英汉非文学 - 行政法
• A: The regulation outlines specific exemptions for some WPM. 答：该规定概述了某些木质包装材料的特定的例外情形。 来自互联网

4 vaccinations   

n.种痘，接种( vaccination的名词复数 )；牛痘疤

参考例句：

• Vaccinations ensure one against diseases. 接种疫苗可以预防疾病。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• I read some publicity about vaccinations while waiting my turn at the doctor's. 在医生那儿候诊时，我读了一些关于接种疫苗的宣传。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 philosophic   

adj.哲学的，贤明的

参考例句：

• It was a most philosophic and jesuitical motorman.这是个十分善辩且狡猾的司机。
• The Irish are a philosophic as well as a practical race.爱尔兰人是既重实际又善于思想的民族。

6 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

7 momentum   

n.动力，冲力，势头；动量

参考例句：

• We exploit the energy and momentum conservation laws in this way.我们就是这样利用能量和动量守恒定律的。
• The law of momentum conservation could supplant Newton's third law.动量守恒定律可以取代牛顿第三定律。

8 retracted   

v.撤回或撤消( retract的过去式和过去分词 )；拒绝执行或遵守；缩回；拉回

参考例句：

• He made a false confession which he later retracted. 他作了假供词，后来又翻供。
• A caddy retracted his statement. 一个球童收回了他的话。 来自辞典例句

9 inoculates   

n.给…做预防注射( inoculate的名词复数 )v.给…做预防注射( inoculate的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

10 mumps   

n.腮腺炎

参考例句：

• Sarah got mumps from her brother.萨拉的弟弟患腮腺炎，传染给她了。
• I was told not go near Charles. He is sickening for mumps.别人告诉我不要走近查尔斯， 他染上了流行性腮腺炎。

11 ammunition   

n.军火，弹药

参考例句：

• A few of the jeeps had run out of ammunition.几辆吉普车上的弹药已经用光了。
• They have expended all their ammunition.他们把弹药用光。

12 corrupted   

（使）败坏( corrupt的过去式和过去分词 )； （使）腐化； 引起（计算机文件等的）错误； 破坏

参考例句：

• The body corrupted quite quickly. 尸体很快腐烂了。
• The text was corrupted by careless copyists. 原文因抄写员粗心而有讹误。

13 pharmaceutical   

adj.药学的，药物的；药用的，药剂师的

参考例句：

• She has donated money to establish a pharmaceutical laboratory.她捐款成立了一个药剂实验室。
• We are engaged in a legal tussle with a large pharmaceutical company.我们正同一家大制药公司闹法律纠纷。

14 contagious   

adj.传染性的，有感染力的

参考例句：

• It's a highly contagious infection.这种病极易传染。
• He's got a contagious laugh.他的笑富有感染力。

15 susceptible   

adj.过敏的，敏感的；易动感情的，易受感动的

参考例句：

• Children are more susceptible than adults.孩子比成人易受感动。
• We are all susceptible to advertising.我们都易受广告的影响。