VOA常速英语2019--使用蒸汽电子烟给肺部带来的变化等同吸烟

Changes in Vapers’ Lungs Resemble Changes in Smokers¹’ Lungs

Until recently, most teens didn’t think much about vaping.In fact, one brand of e-cigarettes Juul even advertised that vaping was safer than regular cigarettes.But vaping is what sent Adam Hergenreder to the hospital.Every time they vape and bring this aerosol² into their lungs, it’s not water vapor³.It has chemicals, including aldehydes and special alcohols that are produced as a result of heating, these solvents⁴ that are in the vaping liquids.In looking at 150 different liquids, scientists found about two hundred different chemicals.The effect on the body is unknown.I’m 18 years old. My lungs are like 70 years old.Scientists have also found that vaping causes changes in the lungs, like the changes found in smokers with emphysema,which may explain Hergenreder’s difficulty with breathing.Proteins called proteases are found in the lungs of some vapors⁵.

直到近来，大多数青少年对蒸汽电子烟还没有做过多考虑。事实上，电子烟品牌Juul甚至做广告说吸蒸汽电子烟比吸普通香烟更安全。但亚当·费尔根莱德正是因为吸蒸汽电子烟才导致住院。每次它们蒸发，然后会把这种气溶胶带入肺部，这不是水蒸气。它含有化学物质，包括由于加热而产生的醛类和特殊醇，这些溶剂存在于蒸发的液体中。在对一百五十种不同液体进行观察后，科学家发现了大约二百种不同的化学物质。它们给身体带来的影响尚不清楚。我今年十八岁，但是我的肺像是七十岁的人的肺。科学家还发现，吸蒸汽电子烟会导致肺部发生变化，就像在患有肺气肿的吸烟者身上发现的变化一样，这也许能够解释费尔根莱德呼吸困难的原因。在一些吸蒸汽电子烟的人们肺中发现了称为蛋白酶的蛋白质。

The best way of describing is the molecular⁶ scissors, so proteases are proteins that cut up other proteins.Having some proteases in the lungs is normal, but high levels of proteases increase lung damage.What we found was these previous levels are up to the same amount in vapors lungs as it’s in smokers lungs.Professor Terrence said nicotine⁷ is connected to high protease levels in the lungs.It’s too soon to have studies under long-term effects of vaping or whether teens whose lungs are still growing are more vulnerable to bad outcomes than adults who vape.In the meantime, the CDC says people should consider not using e-cigarettes products while it investigates the soaring number of illnesses.Other medical groups are using stronger language.The American Medical Association is urging the public to avoid the use of e-cigarette products.And the National Association of county and city health officials is calling for swift action to eliminate youth vaping.

对这种物质最好的形容就是分子剪刀，蛋白酶是切割其他蛋白质的蛋白质。肺部有一些蛋白酶是正常的，但高浓度的蛋白酶会增加肺损伤。我们发现，之前的含量水平在吸蒸汽电子烟的人的肺中与吸烟者肺中的含量相同。特伦斯教授说，尼古丁与肺部的高蛋白酶水平有关。现在就对吸蒸汽电子烟的长期影响、或者肺部仍在生长的青少年是否比成年人更容易受到不良后果的影响进行研究还为时过早。同时，美国疾控中心表示，在调查激增的疾病数量时，人们应该考虑停止使用电子烟产品。其他医疗机构的态度更为强硬。美国医学会敦促公众避免使用电子烟产品。全国县市卫生官员协会呼吁迅速采取行动，避免青少年吸蒸汽电子烟。

1 smokers   

吸烟者( smoker的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Many smokers who are chemically addicted to nicotine cannot cut down easily. 许多有尼古丁瘾的抽烟人不容易把烟戒掉。
• Chain smokers don't care about the dangers of smoking. 烟鬼似乎不在乎吸烟带来的种种危害。

2 aerosol   

n.悬浮尘粒，气溶胶，烟雾剂，喷雾器

参考例句：

• They sprayed aerosol insect repellent into the faces of police.他们将喷雾驱虫剂喷在了警察的脸上。
• Aerosol particles affect visibility,climate,and our health and quality of life.气溶胶对大气能见度、气候变化以及人类健康等有重要影响。

3 vapor   

n.蒸汽，雾气

参考例句：

• The cold wind condenses vapor into rain.冷风使水蒸气凝结成雨。
• This new machine sometimes transpires a lot of hot vapor.这部机器有时排出大量的热气。

4 solvents   

溶解的，溶剂

参考例句：

• It is resistant to borohydride reduction in alcoholic solvents. 在醇溶剂中，它不能被硼氢化物还原。
• Strains require special treatments for removal such as spotting with organic solvents. 要清除这些着色物质，需要特殊处理，例如：滴加有机溶剂。

5 vapors   

n.水汽，水蒸气，无实质之物( vapor的名词复数 )；自夸者；幻想 [药]吸入剂 [古]忧郁（症）v.自夸，（使）蒸发( vapor的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• His emotions became vague and shifted about like vapors. 他的心情则如同一团雾气，变幻无常，捉摸不定。 来自辞典例句
• They have hysterics, they weep, they have the vapors. 他们歇斯底里，他们哭泣，他们精神忧郁。 来自辞典例句

6 molecular   

adj.分子的；克分子的

参考例句：

• The research will provide direct insight into molecular mechanisms.这项研究将使人能够直接地了解分子的机理。
• For the pressure to become zero, molecular bombardment must cease.当压强趋近于零时，分子的碰撞就停止了。

7 nicotine   

n.(化)尼古丁，烟碱

参考例句：

• Many smokers who are chemically addicted to nicotine cannot cut down easily.许多有尼古丁瘾的抽烟人不容易把烟戒掉。
• Many smokers who are chemically addicted to nicotine cannot cut down easily.许多有尼古丁瘾的抽烟人不容易把烟戒掉。