VOA常速英语2020--应对伊朗核威胁的举措

Next, an editorial reflecting the views of the United States government. President Donald Trump¹ has made clear that the world’s leading state sponsor of terrorism cannot acquire a nuclear weapon: “As long as I'm President of the United States, Iran will never be allowed to have a nuclear weapon.” For the past two years, the United States has waged a maximum pressure campaign using economic and diplomatic tools to prevent the Iranian regime from expanding its nuclear activities. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo recently announced new steps in that direction.

接下来是一篇反映美国政府观点的社论。唐纳德·特朗普总统明确表示，全世界最大的恐怖主义国家不能获得核武器：“只要我是美国总统，就永远不会允许伊朗拥有核武器。”在过去的两年里，美国利用经济和外交手段对伊朗施加极限压力举措，以阻止伊朗政权扩大其核活动。美国国务卿迈克·蓬佩奥最近宣布了朝这个方向迈出的新措施。

First, the United States has announced that the sanctions waiver for three Iran nuclear–related projects will terminate following a 60-day period to allow entities² to wind down any involvement they might have in these projects. This relates to the Arak reactor³ conversion⁴, the provision of enriched uranium for the Tehran research reactor, and the export of Iran’s spent and scrap⁵ research reactor fuel. The waiver allowed projects started under the 2015 Iran nuclear deal, in which the United States ceased participating in 2018, to continue without U.S. sanctions risk. Second, the United States imposed sanctions on two Iranian officials involved in Iran’s nuclear enrichment activities: Amjad Sazgar and Majid Agha’i. Third, the United States sanctioned the Islamic Republic of Iran Shipping⁶ Lines, the IRISL, under Executive Order 13382. Secretary Pompeo said in a statement, “IRISL has repeatedly transported items related to Iran’s ballistic missile and military programs and is also a longstanding carrier of other proliferation-sensitive items, including Nuclear Suppliers Group-controlled items.”Those who do business with IRISL risk sanctions. U.S. Special Representative for Iran Brian Hook said the United States is taking these actions now “because the regime continues to use its nuclear program to extort⁷ the international community. We will deny Iran all paths to a nuclear weapon.” That was an editorial reflecting the views of the United States government.

首先，美国宣布将结束对三个伊朗核相关项目的制裁豁免，该制裁将会在60天期限内生效，以允许各实体逐步停止参与这些项目。这涉及阿拉克重水堆改造、为其德黑兰研究反应堆提供浓缩铀，以及将伊朗的乏燃料和废反应堆燃料转移到国外。这项豁免允许2015年伊朗核协议（美国于2018年停止参与该协议）下启动的项目得以继续，而无美国制裁的风险。第二，美国对伊朗两名参与核浓缩活动的官员：马吉德·阿加伊和阿姆贾德·萨加尔实施了制裁。第三，美国根据第13382号行政命令，制裁了伊朗伊斯兰共和国航运公司（IRISL）。国务卿蓬佩奥在一份声明中说，“伊朗伊斯兰共和国航运公司多次输运与伊朗弹道导弹和军事项目有关的物品，同时还是其他具有扩散敏感性物品的长期承运方，包括受核供应集团控制的物品。”与伊朗伊斯兰共和国航运公司进行商业往来的人可能受到制裁。美国伊朗问题特别代表胡克说，美国现在采取这些措施是“因为伊朗继续利用其核计划勒索国际社会。我们将拒绝伊朗以任何途径拥有核武器。”这是一篇反映美国政府观点的社论。

1 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

2 entities   

实体对像； 实体，独立存在体，实际存在物( entity的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Our newspaper and our printing business form separate corporate entities. 我们的报纸和印刷业形成相对独立的企业实体。
• The North American continent is made up of three great structural entities. 北美大陆是由三个构造单元组成的。

3 reactor   

n.反应器；反应堆

参考例句：

• The atomic reactor generates enormous amounts of thermal energy.原子反应堆发出大量的热能。
• Inside the reactor the large molecules are cracked into smaller molecules.在反应堆里，大分子裂变为小分子。

4 conversion   

n.转化，转换，转变

参考例句：

• He underwent quite a conversion.他彻底变了。
• Waste conversion is a part of the production process.废物处理是生产过程的一个组成部分。

5 scrap   

n.碎片；废料；v.废弃，报废

参考例句：

• A man comes round regularly collecting scrap.有个男人定时来收废品。
• Sell that car for scrap.把那辆汽车当残品卖了吧。

6 shipping   

n.船运（发货，运输，乘船）

参考例句：

• We struck a bargain with an American shipping firm.我们和一家美国船运公司谈成了一笔生意。
• There's a shipping charge of ￡5 added to the price.价格之外另加五英镑运输费。

7 extort   

v.勒索，敲诈，强要

参考例句：

• The blackmailer tried to extort a large sum of money from him.勒索者企图向他勒索一大笔钱。
• They absolutely must not harm the people or extort money from them.严格禁止坑害勒索群众。