2019年经济学人 一周要闻 中国对美贸易顺差不降反增 央行向银行体系注入5700亿人民币 中国汽车销量28年来首次下滑

 

The world this week

本周要闻

Business

商业

Worse-than-expected trade data from China accentuated¹ concerns about the country’s economic slowdown. Exports fell by 4.4% in December compared with the same month in 2017 and imports by 7.6%. Imports of goods from America slumped² by 36% amid the two countries’ trade war. Despite the imposition of tariffs³, China still recorded an annual trade surplus with the United States of $323bn, up by 17% from the previous year.

中国贸易数据逊于预期，这加剧了人们对中国经济放缓的担忧。中国12月出口同比下降4.4%，进口下降7.6%。在两国的贸易战中，从美国进口的商品下降了36%。尽管征收了关税，中国对美国的年度贸易顺差仍然达到了3230亿美元，比前一年增长了17%。

China’s central bank, meanwhile, injected 570bn yuan ($84bn) into the banking⁴ system in order “to maintain reasonably adequate liquidity”. The Chinese new year, which starts on February 5th, is normally associated with a surge in cash transactions.

与此同时，中国央行向银行体系注资5700亿元人民币(合840亿美元)，以“维护银行体系流动性合理充裕”。中国农历新年（从2月5日起）通常与现金交易的激增联系在一起。

Reverse gear

倒挡的汽车市场

Sales of passenger cars in China fell last year for the first time since 1990, puncturing⁵ the growth forecasts of the car industry. Despite a strong start to 2018, overall sales of passenger vehicles dropped by 4.1% over the 12 months, dragged down in part by a weaker yuan and the withdrawal⁶ of a tax break in late 2017. Sales of electric cars motored ahead, however, accounting⁷ for 4% of vehicle sales. The government wants this to reach 20% by 2025.

去年，中国轿车销量自1990年以来首次下降，打破了汽车业的增长预期。尽管2018年开局强劲，但过去12个月轿车总销量下降了4.1%，部分原因是人民币走软以及2017年底取消税收减免。然而，电动汽车的销量却遥遥领先，占汽车销量的4%。政府希望到2025年达到20%。

Carlos Ghosn’s application for bail⁸ was rejected by a court in Tokyo. Mr Ghosn has been in custody⁹ since his arrest in November over allegations of financial misconduct at Nissan, where he was subsequently sacked as chairman. Renault, which owns 43% of Nissan and stood by Mr Ghosn as he was “temporarily incapacitated”, was reportedly preparing to replace him as its chief executive and chairman.

卡洛斯·戈恩的保释申请被东京一家法院驳回。自去年11月被控在日产汽车存在财务不当行为被捕后，戈恩一直被拘留。随后，戈恩被日产汽车解雇。雷诺拥有日产汽车43%的股份，并在戈恩“暂时无法任职”时力挺他。据报道，雷诺正在物色接替戈恩首席执行官和董事长职位的人选。

1 accentuated   

v.重读( accentuate的过去式和过去分词 )；使突出；使恶化；加重音符号于

参考例句：

• The problem is accentuated by a shortage of water and electricity. 缺乏水电使问题愈加严重。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Her black hair accentuated the delicateness of her skin. 她那乌黑的头发更衬托出她洁嫩的皮肤。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

2 slumped   

大幅度下降，暴跌( slump的过去式和过去分词 )； 沉重或突然地落下[倒下]

参考例句：

• Sales have slumped this year. 今年销售量锐减。
• The driver was slumped exhausted over the wheel. 司机伏在方向盘上，疲惫得睡着了。

3 tariffs   

关税制度； 关税( tariff的名词复数 )； 关税表； （旅馆或饭店等的）收费表； 量刑标准

参考例句：

• British industry was sheltered from foreign competition by protective tariffs. 保护性关税使英国工业免受国际竞争影响。
• The new tariffs have put a stranglehold on trade. 新的关税制对开展贸易极为不利。

4 banking   

n.银行业，银行学，金融业

参考例句：

• John is launching his son on a career in banking.约翰打算让儿子在银行界谋一个新职位。
• He possesses an extensive knowledge of banking.他具有广博的银行业务知识。

5 puncturing   

v.在（某物）上穿孔( puncture的现在分词 )；刺穿（某物）；削弱（某人的傲气、信心等）；泄某人的气

参考例句：

• Complement enzymes attack antigens by puncturing the cell membrane. 补体酶通过刺穿细胞膜来攻击抗原。 来自互联网
• Purpose:Re-modifying the method of DSA puncturing arteria cerebri through arteria carotis communis. 目的 ：对经颈总动脉穿刺行脑动脉DSA的方法进行再次改良。 来自互联网

6 withdrawal   

n.取回，提款；撤退，撤军；收回，撤销

参考例句：

• The police were forced to make a tactical withdrawal.警方被迫进行战术撤退。
• They insisted upon a withdrawal of the statement and a public apology.他们坚持要收回那些话并公开道歉。

7 accounting   

n.会计，会计学，借贷对照表

参考例句：

• A job fell vacant in the accounting department.财会部出现了一个空缺。
• There's an accounting error in this entry.这笔账目里有差错。

8 bail   

v.舀（水），保释；n.保证金，保释，保释人

参考例句：

• One of the prisoner's friends offered to bail him out.犯人的一个朋友答应保释他出来。
• She has been granted conditional bail.她被准予有条件保释。

9 custody   

n.监护，照看，羁押，拘留

参考例句：

• He spent a week in custody on remand awaiting sentence.等候判决期间他被还押候审一个星期。
• He was taken into custody immediately after the robbery.抢劫案发生后，他立即被押了起来。