2019年经济学人 一周要闻 桑德斯参加2020年总统大选 英国工党现退党潮 西班牙总理要求提前大选

 

Independents’ day

独立日

In Britain, eight Labour MPs quit the party over Jeremy Corbyn’s poor leadership, which has led to dithering over Brexit and failed to clamp down on a surge in anti-Semitism among party activists¹. The eight back a second referendum on Britain leaving the eu. Rather than form a new party they will for now sit in the House of Commons as the Independent Group. They called on centrist mps from any party to join them. Three Conservative mps duly did so.

在英国，由于杰里米·科尔宾(Jeremy Corbyn)领导不力，导致工党在退欧问题上犹豫不决，以及未能遏制该党活动人士中反犹太主义的激增，8名工党议员因此退出了该党。这8名议员支持就英国退欧举行第二次公投。他们暂时不会组建新政党，而是作为一个独立团体坐在下议院。他们呼吁任何党派的中间派议员加入。三位保守党议员适时地“响应”了。

Demonstrations² were held across France to protest against the rise in attacks against Jewish people and symbols, which were up by 74% last year. This week 80 Jewish graves were daubed with swastikas, and Alain Finkielkraut, a prominent philosopher, was heckled with anti-Semitic abuse by gilets jaunes (yellow vest) protesters.

法国各地都举行了示威活动，抗议针对犹太人和犹太标志的袭击增多，去年这类袭击率上升了74%。本周，80座犹太人坟墓被涂上了纳粹标志，著名哲学家阿兰·芬克尔克劳特(Alain Finkielkraut)也遭到了“黄背心”示威者的辱骂与攻击。

Pedro Sánchez, the prime minister of Spain, called a snap general election for April 28th. Mr Sánchez’s socialist³-led coalition⁴ had suffered a heavy defeat in parliament when parties from Catalonia that normally support the government joined conservatives in voting down the budget. The Catalans had tried to force Mr Sánchez into discussing independence for their region.

西班牙总理佩德罗·桑切斯(Pedro Sanchez)要求在4月28日提前举行大选。桑切斯领导的社会主义联盟在议会遭遇惨败，因为一直支持政府的加泰罗尼亚政党加入保守党，投票否决了财政预算。加泰罗尼亚人曾试图迫使桑切斯讨论他们所在地区的独立问题。

The ball’s in your court

该看你的了

Donald Trump⁵ urged Venezuela’s armed forces to back a political transition and said they should accept the offer of amnesty by Juan Guaidó, who has been recognised as the country’s interim⁶ president by Venezuela’s legislature and by some 50 countries. Mr Trump held open the possibility of military intervention⁷ to topple the repressive regime of Nicolás Maduro.

特朗普敦促委内瑞拉武装部队支持政治过渡，并表示他们应该接受胡安·瓜伊多(Juan Guaido)提出的大赦提议。委内瑞拉立法机构和大约50个国家已经承认胡安·瓜伊多为该国的临时总统。特朗普还对军事干预推翻尼古拉斯·马杜罗(Nicolas Maduro)专制政权的可能性持开放态度。

Jair Bolsonaro, Brazil’s president, presented an ambitious plan to reform the country’s publicly funded pension schemes. His proposal, which requires amendments⁸ to the constitution, would establish a minimum retirement⁹ age of 65 for men and 62 for women and would limit the scope for pensioners¹⁰ to collect more than one benefit.

巴西总统雅伊尔·博尔索纳罗（Jair Bolsonaro）提出一项雄心勃勃的计划来改革国家的公共基金养老计划。他的提议要求修改宪法，将规定最低退休年龄男性为65岁，女性为62岁，并将限制领取养老金者领取一项以上福利的范围。

Gerald Butts¹¹, the principal private secretary of Canada’s prime minister, Justin Trudeau, resigned. He denied allegations that he or anyone else in the prime minister’s office had put pressure on Jody Wilson-Raybould, then justice minister, to settle a criminal case against an engineering company based in Montreal. Mr Trudeau has also denied that he put pressure on Ms Wilson-Raybould to intervene.

加拿大总理贾斯廷·特鲁多的首席私人秘书杰拉尔德·布茨辞职。他否认自己或总理办公室的其他人曾就解决针对蒙特利尔工程公司的刑事案件向时任司法部长乔迪威尔逊-瑞博德施压。特鲁多本人也否认曾向威尔逊-雷蒙德施压，要求其干预。

Ecuador reached an agreement with the IMF to borrow $4.2bn to help it cope with a large external debt and budget deficit¹². It will also borrow $6bn from other multilateral lenders, including the World Bank. The government will reduce fuel subsidies¹³ and employment at state-owned enterprises.

厄瓜多尔与国际货币基金组织(IMF)达成协议，将借款42亿美元，帮助该国应对巨额外债和预算赤字。该国还将从包括世界银行(World Bank)在内的其它多边贷款机构借款60亿美元。政府也将减少国有企业的燃油补贴和就业。

The first lawsuits¹⁴ were launched against Donald Trump’s declaration of a national emergency on the Mexican border, which allows him to sequester¹⁵ funding for his border wall. Sixteen states, including California, filed a court motion arguing that Mr Trump’s edict would divert money from law enforcement.

特朗普宣布墨西哥边境进入国家紧急状态，试图削减边境墙的资金，这引发了针对特朗普的首批诉讼。包括加州在内的16个州提交了一份法院动议，称特朗普的法令将分流执法资金。

Bernie Sanders announced that he is to run again for president as a Democrat¹⁶ in 2020. The 77-year-old senator from Vermont was describing himself as a socialist years before today’s crop of young pretenders in the party was even born. He raised nearly $6m in the 24 hours following his campaign launch, outstripping¹⁷ his rivals.

伯尼·桑德斯宣布将在2020年作为民主党人再次竞选总统。这位来自佛蒙特州的77岁参议员早在民主党内那些自命不凡的年轻人出生前，就已经自称是一位社会主义者了。在竞选启动后的24小时内，他筹集到近600万美元，超过了竞争对手。

1 activists   

n.（政治活动的）积极分子，活动家( activist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His research work was attacked by animal rights activists . 他的研究受到了动物权益维护者的抨击。
• Party activists with lower middle class pedigrees are numerous. 党的激进分子中有很多出身于中产阶级下层。 来自《简明英汉词典》

2 demonstrations   

证明( demonstration的名词复数 )； 表明； 表达； 游行示威

参考例句：

• Lectures will be interspersed with practical demonstrations. 讲课中将不时插入实际示范。
• The new military government has banned strikes and demonstrations. 新的军人政府禁止罢工和示威活动。

3 socialist   

n.社会主义者；adj.社会主义的

参考例句：

• China is a socialist country,and a developing country as well.中国是一个社会主义国家，也是一个发展中国家。
• His father was an ardent socialist.他父亲是一个热情的社会主义者。

4 coalition   

n.结合体，同盟，结合，联合

参考例句：

• The several parties formed a coalition.这几个政党组成了政治联盟。
• Coalition forces take great care to avoid civilian casualties.联盟军队竭尽全力避免造成平民伤亡。

5 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

6 interim   

adj.暂时的，临时的；n.间歇，过渡期间

参考例句：

• The government is taking interim measures to help those in immediate need.政府正在采取临时措施帮助那些有立即需要的人。
• It may turn out to be an interim technology.这可能只是个过渡技术。

7 intervention   

n.介入，干涉，干预

参考例句：

• The government's intervention in this dispute will not help.政府对这场争论的干预不会起作用。
• Many people felt he would be hostile to the idea of foreign intervention.许多人觉得他会反对外来干预。

8 amendments   

（法律、文件的）改动( amendment的名词复数 )； 修正案； 修改； （美国宪法的）修正案

参考例句：

• The committee does not adequately consult others when drafting amendments. 委员会在起草修正案时没有充分征求他人的意见。
• Please propose amendments and addenda to the first draft of the document. 请对这个文件的初稿提出修改和补充意见。

9 retirement   

n.退休，退职

参考例句：

• She wanted to enjoy her retirement without being beset by financial worries.她想享受退休生活而不必为金钱担忧。
• I have to put everything away for my retirement.我必须把一切都积蓄起来以便退休后用。

10 pensioners   

n.领取退休、养老金或抚恤金的人( pensioner的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• He intends to redistribute income from the middle class to poorer paid employees and pensioners. 他意图把中产阶级到低薪雇员和退休人员的收入做重新分配。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• I am myself one of the pensioners upon the fund left by our noble benefactor. 我自己就是一个我们的高贵的施主遗留基金的养老金领取者。 来自辞典例句

11 butts   

笑柄( butt的名词复数 )； （武器或工具的）粗大的一端； 屁股； 烟蒂

参考例句：

• The Nazis worked them over with gun butts. 纳粹分子用枪托毒打他们。
• The house butts to a cemetery. 这所房子和墓地相连。

12 deficit   

n.亏空，亏损；赤字，逆差

参考例句：

• The directors have reported a deficit of 2.5 million dollars.董事们报告赤字为250万美元。
• We have a great deficit this year.我们今年有很大亏损。

13 subsidies   

n.补贴，津贴，补助金( subsidy的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• European agriculture ministers failed to break the deadlock over farm subsidies. 欧洲各国农业部长在农业补贴问题上未能打破僵局。
• Agricultural subsidies absorb about half the EU's income. 农业补贴占去了欧盟收入的大约一半。 来自《简明英汉词典》

14 lawsuits   

n.诉讼( lawsuit的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Lawsuits involving property rights and farming and grazing rights increased markedly. 涉及财产权，耕作与放牧权的诉讼案件显著地增加。 来自辞典例句
• I've lost and won more lawsuits than any man in England. 全英国的人算我官司打得最多，赢的也多，输的也多。 来自辞典例句

15 sequester   

vt.使退隐，使隔绝

参考例句：

• Everything he owned was sequestered.他的所有财产都被扣押了。
• This jury is expected to be sequestered for at least two months.预计这个陪审团将至少被隔离两个月。

16 democrat   

n.民主主义者，民主人士；民主党党员

参考例句：

• The Democrat and the Public criticized each other.民主党人和共和党人互相攻击。
• About two years later,he was defeated by Democrat Jimmy Carter.大约两年后，他被民主党人杰米卡特击败。

17 outstripping   

v.做得比…更好，（在赛跑等中）超过( outstrip的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• Demand is outstripping supply. 需求快超过供给了。
• Demand is outstripping current production. 现在需求逐渐超过了生产能力。 来自辞典例句