2019年经济学人 是5G还是间谍？(1)

 

In the days of pre-internet capitalism¹ the troubles of one dominant² company in an industry tended to be good news for its rivals.

在前互联网资本主义时代，一个行业中的一家主要公司遇到麻烦对其竞争对手而言往往是个好消息。

In today's hyperconnected world a threatened ban by Western governments of Huawei,

在如今这个超联通的世界中，西方政府对华为

the Chinese market leader in telecoms gear, is also a worry for its competitors.

这家中国电信设备市场领先者的禁令也让其竞争对手感到担忧。

Both Ericsson, a Swedish company, and Nokia, a Finnish one, would prefer the geopolitical saga³ to end,

瑞典爱立信公司和芬兰诺基亚公司都希望这场地理政治事件快点结束，

the better to focus on competing for contracts related to the launch of super-speedy "fifth generation" (5G) mobile-phone networks.

以便能更好的专注于竞争超速5G移动手机网络的合同。

The American government is not letting up its campaign to persuade allies to freeze Huawei out of 5G tenders.

美国政府不停的说服其阵营中的盟友将华为赶出5G投标名单。

It worries that Huawei's kit⁴ may contain "back doors"— deliberate security flaws inserted to allow Chinese spooks eavesdrop⁵ on, or attack, phone networks.

它担心华为的装备中可能有“后门”—蓄意植入安全漏洞好让中国间谍进行窃听，或袭击，电话网络。

Earlier this month, in a letter to Germany's economics minister, America's envoy⁶ to Berlin, Richard Grenell,

本月初，在给德国经济部长的信中，美国驻柏林代表理查德·格雷内尔

threatened to cut back American co-operation with German security agencies

威胁称如果德国允许华为或其他中国公司参加该国的5G网络建设

if the country allowed Huawei or other Chinese firms to participate in the roll-out of 5G.

就要减少美国和德国安全机关的合作。

Mike Pompeo, America's secretary of state, suggested in Hungary recently that doing business with Huawei could tip decisions on where America stations troops.

美国国务卿迈克·蓬佩奥近日在匈牙利表示和华为做生意会影响美国驻军地址的决议。

So far Britain and Germany, among others, have not yielded to American demands.

到目前为止，英国和德国等国仍未屈服于美国的要求。

Angela Merkel, the German chancellor⁷, said on March 19th that she does not believe

德国总理安格拉·默克尔在3月19日表示，她不认为

in excluding a company from the German market "simply because it's from a certain country", though a final decision is pending⁸.

“仅仅是因为它来自于某一个国家”，就要将这家公司排出德国市场，虽然德国还没有做出最终决定。

Even if America prevailed in Europe, as it has in Australia and Japan,

即便美国像说服澳大利亚和日本那样说服了欧洲国家，

Ericsson and Nokia are unlikely to win back much of the market they have lost in recent years.

爱立信公司和诺基亚也不可能重获近几年失去的大部分市场。

Between 2015 and 2018 Huawei's share rose from 24% to 28%; Nokia's dipped from 20% to 17% and Ericsson's from 15% to 13%.

2015年年和2018年间，华为份额从24%涨到28%；诺基亚则从20%下降到17%，爱立信是从15%到13%。

An escalation⁹ in the war on Huawei might prompt Beijing to retaliate¹⁰ by kicking Western firms out of China.

对华为战争的升级或许促使中国实施反击，将西方公司踢出中国市场。

That would be a blow to the Nordic duo. China accounted for 10% of Ericsson's 211bn krona ($24.2bn) in global sales last year.

这对北欧的这两家公司而言是一个打击。去年，爱立信全球销售额为2110亿克朗（242亿美元），中国占其中的10%。

The company runs two research and development sites in China.

该公司在中国有两处研究和开发址。

Nokia derives¹¹ a similar share of revenues from the Chinese mainland, Hong Kong and Taiwan.

诺基亚从中国大陆、中国香港和中国台湾获得了差不多的收入份额。

Extra sales in Europe in the event of a Huawei ban would not offset¹² losses in China,

在华为禁令实施之际，欧洲的额外销售无法抵消在中国市场的损失，

argues Pierre Ferragu of New Street Research, not least because the Chinese will launch 5G a year or two earlier.

新街研究公司的Pierre Ferragu说到，尤其是因为中国将在他们之前的一两年内推出5G。

1 capitalism   

n.资本主义

参考例句：

• The essence of his argument is that capitalism cannot succeed.他的论点的核心是资本主义不能成功。
• Capitalism began to develop in Russia in the 19th century.十九世纪资本主义在俄国开始发展。

2 dominant   

adj.支配的，统治的；占优势的；显性的；n.主因，要素，主要的人(或物)；显性基因

参考例句：

• The British were formerly dominant in India.英国人从前统治印度。
• She was a dominant figure in the French film industry.她在法国电影界是个举足轻重的人物。

3 saga   

n.(尤指中世纪北欧海盗的)故事，英雄传奇

参考例句：

• The saga of Flight 19 is probably the most repeated story about the Bermuda Triangle.飞行19中队的传说或许是有关百慕大三角最重复的故事。
• The novel depicts the saga of a family.小说描绘了一个家族的传奇故事。

4 kit   

n.用具包，成套工具；随身携带物

参考例句：

• The kit consisted of about twenty cosmetic items.整套工具包括大约20种化妆用品。
• The captain wants to inspect your kit.船长想检查你的行装。

5 eavesdrop   

v.偷听，倾听

参考例句：

• He ensconced himself in the closet in order to eavesdrop.他藏在壁橱里，以便偷听。
• It is not polite to eavesdrop on the conversation of other people.偷听他人说话是很不礼貌的。

6 envoy   

n.使节，使者，代表，公使

参考例句：

• Their envoy showed no sign of responding to our proposals.他们的代表对我方的提议毫无回应的迹象。
• The government has not yet appointed an envoy to the area.政府尚未向这一地区派过外交官。

7 chancellor   

n.(英)大臣；法官；(德、奥)总理；大学校长

参考例句：

• They submitted their reports to the Chancellor yesterday.他们昨天向财政大臣递交了报告。
• He was regarded as the most successful Chancellor of modern times.他被认为是现代最成功的财政大臣。

8 pending   

prep.直到，等待…期间；adj.待定的；迫近的

参考例句：

• The lawsuit is still pending in the state court.这案子仍在州法庭等待定夺。
• He knew my examination was pending.他知道我就要考试了。

9 escalation   

n.扩大，增加

参考例句：

• The threat of nuclear escalation remains. 核升级的威胁仍旧存在。 来自辞典例句
• Escalation is thus an aspect of deterrence and of crisis management. 因此逐步升级是威慑和危机处理的一个方面。 来自辞典例句

10 retaliate   

v.报复，反击

参考例句：

• He sought every opportunity to retaliate against his enemy.他找机会向他的敌人反击。
• It is strictly forbidden to retaliate against the quality inspectors.严禁对质量检验人员进行打击报复。

11 derives   

v.得到( derive的第三人称单数 )；（从…中）得到获得；源于；（从…中）提取

参考例句：

• English derives in the main from the common Germanic stock. 英语主要源于日耳曼语系。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He derives his income from freelance work. 他以自由职业获取收入。 来自《简明英汉词典》

12 offset   

n.分支，补偿；v.抵消，补偿

参考例句：

• Their wage increases would be offset by higher prices.他们增加的工资会被物价上涨所抵消。
• He put up his prices to offset the increased cost of materials.他提高了售价以补偿材料成本的增加。