2019年经济学人 斯里兰卡连环爆炸袭击(2)

 

On top of all this, Mr Wickremesinghe says that some of the bombers¹ had been to Syria; they are likely to have been among the three dozen Sri Lankans who have fought with IS. In short, Sri Lanka is not as quarantined from global jihadist networks as one might think. Few countries are. And as is has been bombed out of its so-called caliphate, thousands of its fighters have dispersed² the world over, grafting³ themselves onto local Islamist groups like Sri Lanka’s NTJ and disseminating⁴ ideology⁵ and expertise⁶. The threat of jihadist attacks is therefore likely to grow.

最重要的是，维克勒马辛哈表示，一些炸弹袭击者曾去过叙利亚；他们很可能是与IS作战的30多名斯里兰卡人中的一员。简而言之，斯里兰卡并不像人们想象的那样与全球圣战分子网隔绝。很少有国家隔绝。随着伊斯兰国被炸弹轰出所谓的哈里发国，成千上万的伊斯兰国武装分子分散在世界各地，并加入了当地的伊斯兰组织，比如斯里兰卡的NTJ，并传播意识形态和专业知识。因此，圣战分子袭击的威胁可能会增加。

Last, the form of the atrocity⁷ in Sri Lanka—striking not only at hotels full of Westerners, but also at three churches—reflects the changing pattern of jihadist violence. Though al-Qaeda railed against “Jews and Crusaders” in the 1990s, it made its name striking secular⁸ targets, such as embassies and warships⁹. Its more radical¹⁰ offshoot, is, instead came to prominence¹¹ in Iraq by slaughtering¹² local Muslims who disagreed with its bloodthirsty interpretation¹³ of the Koran, often with a degree of violence that even al-Qaeda’s leaders thought excessive.

最后，斯里兰卡暴行不仅发生在挤满西方人的酒店，还发生在三个教堂，这种形式反映了圣战暴力模式的变化。基地组织尽管在20世纪90年代曾谴责“犹太人和十字军”，但却以打击大使馆和军舰等非宗教目标而闻名。相反，伊斯兰国更为激进的分支在伊拉克因屠杀当地穆斯林而声名鹊起，这些穆斯林不同意伊斯兰国对《古兰经》嗜血的解读，其暴力程度甚至连基地组织领导人都认为过分。

IS has exported its modus operandi. In 2017 al-Qaeda in the Indian Subcontinent (AQIS), al-Qaeda’s South Asian branch, published a code of conduct that said Hindu, Muslim and Buddhist¹⁴ civilians¹⁵ and places of worship would not be attacked. By contrast, is proudly claims attacks on religious targets, including churches in Egypt, the Philippines, Indonesia, Pakistan and now Sri Lanka. The aim of such sectarian terrorism is to promote the narrative¹⁶ of a clash of civilisations—an aim the jihadists share with white-nationalist terrorists, such as the one who attacked two mosques¹⁷ in New Zealand last month.

IS已经输出了它的运作方式。2017年，基地组织南亚分支——印度次大陆基地组织发布了一份行为准则，称印度教、穆斯林和佛教平民以及宗教场所不会受到袭击。相比之下，伊斯兰国自豪地宣称对宗教目标发动袭击，包括埃及、菲律宾、印度尼西亚、巴基斯坦和现在的斯里兰卡的教堂。这种宗派恐怖主义的目的是促进文明冲突的叙述——圣战分子与白人民族主义恐怖分子有着共同的目标，比如上个月在新西兰袭击两座清真寺的那名恐怖分子。

Both groups want to sow discord¹⁸ and force people to choose sides. The jihadists would love to provoke a backlash against Muslims, in the hope of pushing more Muslims into their camp. Neither governments nor citizens should fall into that trap. Instead, they should work harder to catch terrorists, while doing their best to soothe¹⁹ relations between Muslims and their neighbours. It was the Muslim Council of Sri Lanka, remember, that first reported NTJ to the authorities three years ago.

两派都想挑拨离间，迫使人们选择立场。圣战分子很乐意激起对穆斯林的强烈反对，希望能把更多的穆斯林推向他们的阵营。政府和公民都不应落入这个陷阱。相反，他们应该更加努力地抓捕恐怖分子，同时尽最大努力缓和穆斯林与其邻居之间的关系。请记住，三年前第一次向当局报告NTJ的是斯里兰卡穆斯林委员会。

1 bombers   

n.轰炸机( bomber的名词复数 )；投弹手；安非他明胶囊；大麻叶香烟

参考例句：

• Enemy bombers carried out a blitz on the city. 敌军轰炸机对这座城市进行了突袭。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The Royal Airforce sill remained dangerously short of bombers. 英国皇家空军仍未脱离极为缺乏轰炸机的危境。 来自《简明英汉词典》

2 dispersed   

adj. 被驱散的, 被分散的, 散布的

参考例句：

• The clouds dispersed themselves. 云散了。
• After school the children dispersed to their homes. 放学后，孩子们四散回家了。

3 grafting   

嫁接法，移植法

参考例句：

• Even grafting new blood vessels in place of the diseased coronary arteries has been tried. 甚至移植新血管代替不健康的冠状动脉的方法都已经试过。
• Burns can often be cured by grafting on skin from another part of the same body. 烧伤常常可以用移植身体其它部位的皮肤来治愈。

4 disseminating   

散布，传播( disseminate的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• Our comrades in propaganda work have the task of disseminating Marxism. 我们作宣传工作的同志有一个宣传马克思主义的任务。
• Disseminating indecent photographs on the internet a distasteful act. 在因特网上发布不雅照片是卑劣的行径。

5 ideology   

n.意识形态，(政治或社会的)思想意识

参考例句：

• The ideology has great influence in the world.这种思想体系在世界上有很大的影响。
• The ideal is to strike a medium between ideology and inspiration.我的理想是在意识思想和灵感鼓动之间找到一个折衷。

6 expertise   

n.专门知识(或技能等)，专长

参考例句：

• We were amazed at his expertise on the ski slopes.他斜坡滑雪的技能使我们赞叹不已。
• You really have the technical expertise in a new breakthrough.让你真正在专业技术上有一个全新的突破。

7 atrocity   

n.残暴，暴行

参考例句：

• These people are guilty of acts of great atrocity.这些人犯有令人发指的暴行。
• I am shocked by the atrocity of this man's crimes.这个人行凶手段残忍狠毒使我震惊。

8 secular   

n.牧师，凡人；adj.世俗的，现世的，不朽的

参考例句：

• We live in an increasingly secular society.我们生活在一个日益非宗教的社会。
• Britain is a plural society in which the secular predominates.英国是个世俗主导的多元社会。

9 warships   

军舰，战舰( warship的名词复数 )； 舰只

参考例句：

• The enemy warships were disengaged from the battle after suffering heavy casualties. 在遭受惨重伤亡后，敌舰退出了海战。
• The government fitted out warships and sailors for them. 政府给他们配备了战舰和水手。

10 radical   

n.激进份子，原子团，根号；adj.根本的，激进的，彻底的

参考例句：

• The patient got a radical cure in the hospital.病人在医院得到了根治。
• She is radical in her demands.她的要求十分偏激。

11 prominence   

n.突出；显著；杰出；重要

参考例句：

• He came to prominence during the World Cup in Italy.他在意大利的世界杯赛中声名鹊起。
• This young fashion designer is rising to prominence.这位年轻的时装设计师的声望越来越高。

12 slaughtering   

v.屠杀，杀戮，屠宰( slaughter的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• The Revolutionary Tribunal went to work, and a steady slaughtering began. 革命法庭投入工作，持续不断的大屠杀开始了。 来自英汉非文学 - 历史
• \"Isn't it terrific slaughtering pigs? “宰猪的！ 来自汉英文学 - 中国现代小说

13 interpretation   

n.解释，说明，描述；艺术处理

参考例句：

• His statement admits of one interpretation only.他的话只有一种解释。
• Analysis and interpretation is a very personal thing.分析与说明是个很主观的事情。

14 Buddhist   

adj./n.佛教的，佛教徒

参考例句：

• The old lady fell down in adoration before Buddhist images.那老太太在佛像面前顶礼膜拜。
• In the eye of the Buddhist,every worldly affair is vain.在佛教徒的眼里，人世上一切事情都是空的。

15 civilians   

平民，百姓( civilian的名词复数 )； 老百姓

参考例句：

• the bloody massacre of innocent civilians 对无辜平民的血腥屠杀
• At least 300 civilians are unaccounted for after the bombing raids. 遭轰炸袭击之后，至少有300名平民下落不明。

16 narrative   

n.叙述，故事；adj.叙事的，故事体的

参考例句：

• He was a writer of great narrative power.他是一位颇有记述能力的作家。
• Neither author was very strong on narrative.两个作者都不是很善于讲故事。

17 mosques   

清真寺； 伊斯兰教寺院，清真寺； 清真寺，伊斯兰教寺院( mosque的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Why make us believe that this tunnel runs underneath the mosques? 为什么要让我们相信这条隧洞是在清真寺下？
• The city's three biggest mosques, long fallen into disrepair, have been renovated. 城里最大的三座清真寺，过去年久失修，现在已经修复。

18 discord   

n.不和，意见不合，争论，（音乐）不和谐

参考例句：

• These two answers are in discord.这两个答案不一样。
• The discord of his music was hard on the ear.他演奏的不和谐音很刺耳。

19 soothe   

v.安慰；使平静；使减轻；缓和；奉承

参考例句：

• I've managed to soothe him down a bit.我想方设法使他平静了一点。
• This medicine should soothe your sore throat.这种药会减轻你的喉痛。