2019年经济学人 换脸技术被用来诽谤女性政客(2)

 

Similar tactics are used to deter¹ women from running for public office. In the run-up to elections in Iraq last year, two female candidates were humiliated² with explicit³ videos, which they say were faked. One pulled out of the race. The types of image used to degrade women vary from place to place. In Myanmar, where antipathy⁴ towards Muslims is widespread, detractors of Aung San Suu Kyi, the country’s de facto leader, circulated a photo manipulated to show her wearing a hijab. By contrast in Iran, an Islamist theocracy⁵, a woman was disqualified from taking the seat she had won when a photo, which she claims is doctored, leaked showing her without one.

类似的策略也被用来阻止女性竞选公职。在去年伊拉克大选的准备阶段，两名女性候选人被用露骨的视频羞辱，她们说这些视频是伪造的。其中一人退出竞选。用来贬低女性的图像类型因地而异。在对穆斯林普遍反感的缅甸，对该国实际领导人昂山素季的诋毁者传播了一张伪造的照片，显示她戴着头巾。相比之下，在伊斯兰教神权国家伊朗，一名妇女被剥夺了她所赢得的席位，因为一张她声称是伪造的照片泄露了，显示她没有照片。

High-tech⁶ sexual slander⁷ has not replaced the old-fashioned sort, which remains⁸ rife⁹ wherever politicians and their propagandists can get away with it. In Russia, female dissidents are dubbed¹⁰ sexual deviants in pro-Kremlin media. In the Philippines, President Rodrigo Duterte has joked about showing a pornographic video of a female opponent, which she says is a fake, to the pope.

高科技的性诽谤并没有取代老式的诽谤，在任何地方，只要政客和他们的宣传者能够逃脱惩罚，这种诽谤就会盛行。在俄罗斯，持不同政见者被亲克里姆林宫的媒体称为性变态。在菲律宾，总统罗德里戈···杜特尔特开玩笑说要向教皇展示一名女性对手的色情视频，她说这是假的。

Stamping out the problem altogether will be impossible. Anyone can make a deepfake sex video, or hire someone to do it, for a pittance¹¹, and then distribute it anonymously¹². Politicians will inevitably¹³ be targets. Laws against libel or invasion of privacy may deter some abuses, but they are not much use when the perpetrator is unknown. Reputable tech firms will no doubt try to remove the most egregious¹⁴ content, but there will always be other platforms, some of them hosted by regimes that actively¹⁵ sow disinformation in the West.

彻底解决这个问题是不可能的。任何人都可以制作一段深度伪造的性爱视频，或者雇人制作，然后匿名发布。政客将不可避免地成为目标。反诽谤或侵犯隐私的法律可能会阻止一些侵权行为，但如果作恶者不明，这些法律就没什么用了。有信誉的科技公司无疑会试图删除最恶劣的内容，但总会有其他的平台，其中一些是由政权托管的，这些政权积极地在西方散布虚假信息。

So the best defence against sexual lies is scepticism. People should assume that videos showing female politicians naked or having sex are probably bogus. Journalists should try harder to expose the peddlers of fake footage, rather than mindlessly linking to it. Some day, one hopes, voters may even decide that it is none of their business what public figures look like under their clothes, or which consenting adults they sleep with.

所以对性谎言最好的防御就是怀疑。人们应该认为，女性政客裸体或做爱的视频可能是假的。记者们应该更努力地揭露那些兜售假镜头的人，而不是盲目地去链接。有一天，公众人物不穿衣服是什么样子，或者他们与哪些自愿的成年人睡觉，选民们应该认为这些都与他们无关。

1 deter   

vt.阻止，使不敢，吓住

参考例句：

• Failure did not deter us from trying it again.失败并没有能阻挡我们再次进行试验。
• Dogs can deter unwelcome intruders.狗能够阻拦不受欢迎的闯入者。

2 humiliated   

感到羞愧的

参考例句：

• Parents are humiliated if their children behave badly when guests are present. 子女在客人面前举止失当，父母也失体面。
• He was ashamed and bitterly humiliated. 他感到羞耻，丢尽了面子。

3 explicit   

adj.详述的，明确的；坦率的；显然的

参考例句：

• She was quite explicit about why she left.她对自己离去的原因直言不讳。
• He avoids the explicit answer to us.他避免给我们明确的回答。

4 antipathy   

n.憎恶；反感，引起反感的人或事物

参考例句：

• I feel an antipathy against their behaviour.我对他们的行为很反感。
• Some people have an antipathy to cats.有的人讨厌猫。

5 theocracy   

n.神权政治；僧侣政治

参考例句：

• Shangzhou was an important period for the formation and development of theocracy.商周时期是神权政治形成与发展的重要阶段。
• The Muslim brothers look as if they will opt for civil society rather than theocracy.穆斯林兄弟看起来好像更适合文明的社会，而非神权统治。

6 high-tech   

adj.高科技的

参考例句：

• The economy is in the upswing which makes high-tech services in more demand too.经济在蓬勃发展，这就使对高科技服务的需求量也在加大。
• The quest of a cure for disease with high-tech has never ceased. 人们希望运用高科技治疗疾病的追求从未停止过。

7 slander   

n./v.诽谤，污蔑

参考例句：

• The article is a slander on ordinary working people.那篇文章是对普通劳动大众的诋毁。
• He threatened to go public with the slander.他威胁要把丑闻宣扬出去。

8 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

9 rife   

adj.(指坏事情)充斥的，流行的，普遍的

参考例句：

• Disease is rife in the area.疾病在这一区很流行。
• Corruption was rife before the election.选举之前腐败盛行。

10 dubbed   

v.给…起绰号( dub的过去式和过去分词 )；把…称为；配音；复制

参考例句：

• Mathematics was once dubbed the handmaiden of the sciences. 数学曾一度被视为各门科学的基础。
• Is the movie dubbed or does it have subtitles? 这部电影是配音的还是打字幕的？ 来自《简明英汉词典》

11 pittance   

n.微薄的薪水，少量

参考例句：

• Her secretaries work tirelessly for a pittance.她的秘书们为一点微薄的工资不知疲倦地工作。
• The widow must live on her slender pittance.那寡妇只能靠自己微薄的收入过活。

12 anonymously   

ad.用匿名的方式

参考例句：

• The manuscripts were submitted anonymously. 原稿是匿名送交的。
• Methods A self-administered questionnaire was used to survey 536 teachers anonymously. 方法采用自编“中小学教师职业压力问卷”对536名中小学教师进行无记名调查。

13 inevitably   

adv.不可避免地；必然发生地

参考例句：

• In the way you go on,you are inevitably coming apart.照你们这样下去，毫无疑问是会散伙的。
• Technological changes will inevitably lead to unemployment.技术变革必然会导致失业。

14 egregious   

adj.非常的，过分的

参考例句：

• When it comes to blatant lies,there are none more egregious than budget figures.谈到公众谎言，没有比预算数字更令人震惊的。
• What an egregious example was here!现摆着一个多么触目惊心的例子啊。

15 actively   

adv.积极地，勤奋地

参考例句：

• During this period all the students were actively participating.在这节课中所有的学生都积极参加。
• We are actively intervening to settle a quarrel.我们正在积极调解争执。