美国有线新闻 CNN 美国开始接种辉瑞新冠疫苗 FDA建议过敏者不要接种

Less than 11 months after the first coronavirus diagnosis¹ was made in America, shipping² has begun for the nation's first coronavirus vaccine³.

在美国首次诊断出冠状病毒后不到11个月，美国首个冠状病毒疫苗已经开始运输。

The approval was given by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration on Saturday. The vaccine is made by the American drug company Pfizer. It's received an emergency use authorization⁴ which means the vaccine has gotten special approval from the FDA to be used during an emergency.

该疫苗于周六获得美国食品和药物管理局（简称FDA）的批准。这种疫苗由美国辉瑞制药公司生产。疫苗获得了紧急使用授权，这意味着该疫苗已经获得了美国食品和药物管理局的特别批准，可以在紧急情况下使用。

Full approval has to be obtained through a separate application process. The leader of the FDA says he hopes the shot will start being given to the public on Monday. For that to happen, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control had to first accept the FDA's recommendation that it be used.

之后疫苗必须通过单独的申请程序获得完全批准。美国食品和药物管理局的负责人表示，他希望周一开始向公众注射该疫苗。为了实现这一目标，美国疾病控制中心必须首先接受美国食品和药物管理局的建议。

A second COVID vaccine made by the American drug company Moderna could also get the green light in the days ahead and U.S. health officials say it's possible that doses for 20 million Americans could be available by the end of the year. The Pfizer vaccine is given as two shots. The second one coming 21 days after the first. The drug company says that when it’s given this way, it's 95 percent effective in preventing coronavirus infections.

美国莫德纳制药公司生产的第二种冠状病毒疫苗也可能在未来几天获得批准，美国卫生官员表示，2000万美国人有望在今年年底前得到接种。辉瑞疫苗分两次注射。第二次注射在第一次之后21天进行。这家制药公司表示，如果以这种方法注射，疫苗在预防冠状病毒感染方面的有效率可达到95%。

Healthcare workers and people who live in nursing homes and other long-term care facilities will have priority in getting it, but the vaccine has not been approved for pregnant women or anyone under the age of 16. Health officials say there's not enough data to know whether it's safe for these groups. There are also concerns about allergies⁵ to the vaccine.

医护人员和养老院及其他长期护理机构的居民将优先接种疫苗，但该疫苗尚未得到批准用于孕妇或16岁以下的青少年。卫生官员表示，目前还没有足够的数据来判断注射疫苗对这些人群是否安全。也有人担心对疫苗过敏。

Two health care workers in the United Kingdom who got it and who had a history of allergic⁶ reactions both had a dangerous allergic response to Pfizer's COVID vaccine. So the FDA says people with a history of serious allergic reactions to any of the vaccine's ingredients, shouldn't get the shots.

英国两名卫生保健工作者有过敏史，二人在注射辉疫苗后出现了危险的过敏反应。因此美国食品和药物管理局表示，对疫苗成分有严重过敏反应史的人不应该注射疫苗。

Side affects like discomfort⁷ or a fever lasting⁸ a day or two after getting the shot are also possible. Health officials say this is normal. The COVID vaccine is the first of its kind that's been approved for use. It's also the fastest as health experts say no other vaccine has ever been developed in less than four years.

注射疫苗可能出现副作用，比如注射后出现不适或持续一两天的发烧状况。卫生官员称这是正常现象。冠状病毒疫苗是第一种获准使用的此类疫苗。也是研发用时最短的疫苗，卫生专家表示，以前从未有疫苗在不到四年的时间里研发出来。

1 diagnosis   

n.诊断，诊断结果，调查分析，判断

参考例句：

• His symptoms gave no obvious pointer to a possible diagnosis.他的症状无法作出明确的诊断。
• The engineer made a complete diagnosis of the bridge's collapse.工程师对桥的倒塌做一次彻底的调查分析。

2 shipping   

n.船运（发货，运输，乘船）

参考例句：

• We struck a bargain with an American shipping firm.我们和一家美国船运公司谈成了一笔生意。
• There's a shipping charge of ￡5 added to the price.价格之外另加五英镑运输费。

3 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

4 authorization   

n.授权，委任状

参考例句：

• Anglers are required to obtain prior authorization from the park keeper.垂钓者必须事先得到公园管理者的许可。
• You cannot take a day off without authorization.未经批准你不得休假。

5 allergies   

n.[医]过敏症；[口]厌恶，反感；（对食物、花粉、虫咬等的）过敏症( allergy的名词复数 )；变态反应，变应性

参考例句：

• Food allergies can result in an enormous variety of different symptoms. 食物过敏会引发很多不同的症状。 来自辞典例句
• Let us, however, examine one of the most common allergies; hayfever. 现在让我们来看看最常见的变态反应的一种--枯草热。 来自辞典例句

6 allergic   

adj.过敏的，变态的

参考例句：

• Alice is allergic to the fur of cats.艾丽斯对猫的皮毛过敏。
• Many people are allergic to airborne pollutants such as pollen.许多人对空气传播的污染物过敏，比如花粉。

7 discomfort   

n.不舒服，不安，难过，困难，不方便

参考例句：

• One has to bear a little discomfort while travelling.旅行中总要忍受一点不便。
• She turned red with discomfort when the teacher spoke.老师讲话时她不好意思地红着脸。

8 lasting   

adj.永久的，永恒的；vbl.持续，维持

参考例句：

• The lasting war debased the value of the dollar.持久的战争使美元贬值。
• We hope for a lasting settlement of all these troubles.我们希望这些纠纷能获得永久的解决。