全国公共英语等级考试五级 b2

　　[00:00.00]Questions 14-16 are based on the following news report.
[00:06.58]You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14--16.
[00:13.53]W:Welcome to the 9 o'clock news of CBD,I'm Susan Morphy.
[00:20.38]A tornado¹ hit the northwestern parts of Mexico,
[00:25.31]and caused severe casualties.
[00:29.07]Though there had been warnings beforehand,
[00:33.23]as the tornado went slightly away from the predicted route,
[00:38.58]many people failed to escape from its fatal sweeps.
[00:43.73]According to the first estimates,
[00:47.49]at least 200 people were killed and about 30,000 became homeless.
[00:54.33]Let's now connect to Tim Hudson,our correspondent there,
[01:00.08]for some more details.
[01:03.84]Hi,Tim. Can you give us a report about the tornado there.
[01:09.09]M:Hi,Susan.
[01:12.15]As you all know,the tornado has caused great losses.
[01:18.29]There had been some warnings about the tornado before it arrived.
[01:24.22]But it came slightly away from the predicted route,
[01:29.29]and,moreover,it came to the densely² populated area about 2 a.m.
[01:36.44]when most people were in sound sleep.
[01:40.99]A lot of buildings have become topless,
[01:45.64]and many large trees have been rooted up.
[01:50.89]W:What about the casualties?
[01:54.44]M:There has been no exact report about it so far.
[01:59.80]According to some reliable estimate,
[02:04.16]there were no less than 200 of them.
[02:08.60]As a heavy rain went with tornado,
[02:13.15]some parts of the city where I'm standing³
[02:18.00]have been cut off and isolated⁴ by the flood.
[02:22.97]We don't know what had exactly happened to those parts.
[02:29.00]W:How about the rescue work?
[02:32.76]M:As a matter of fact.
[02:36.00]the local government wasted no time.
[02:40.65]Just about 20 minutes after the tornado had passed,
[02:46.58]the local TV and broadcast
[02:50.92]started to give instructions on the locations of emergency centers
[02:57.37]in different districts of the city.
[03:01.63]Early this morning,
[03:05.68]a team from the Mexican government has arrived.
[03:10.64]Actually,I'm just back from the airport.
[03:15.47]W:Thank you,Tim.
[03:18.43]Now let's move on to other news...
[03:22.76]You now have 30 seconds to check your answers to Questions 14--16.
[03:30.31]Question 14-16 according to Part B (2).
[03:32.38]14.What was the main cause of the severe casualties?
[03:34.41](A)The tornado came ahead of time.
[03:36.42](B)There was no warning beforehand.
[03:38.46](C)The prediction was not accurate.
[03:40.50](D)The preventions were not effective.
[03:42.56]15.What happened to many buildings?
[03:44.60](A)They were torn apart.
[03:46.66](B)Their upper parts were carried away  (C)They were removed
[03:48.70](D)Their overall structures were ruined.
[03:50.77]16.What was the correspondent's comment on the local government's rescue work?
[03:52.80](A)Prompt  (B)Confident  (C)Ineffective  (D)Casual
[03:54.84]Questions 17-20 are based on the following talk on the legal system in Great Britain
[04:02.39]You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17--20.
[04:08.84]The beginning of the legal system in Great Britain
[04:13.60]took place in the late 11th century.
[04:18.46]After the Norman Conquest,William I,
[04:23.71]the new king from France,
[04:27.47]was faced with a lot of problems.
[04:31.70]But the most important one is to keep order.
[04:36.56]On the one hand,
[04:39.61]the newly conquered English were far from being obedient to the conquerors⁵.
[04:46.17]Many of them were seeking restoration of truly English ruling,
[04:52.23]On the other hand,
[04:55.26]not all of those who fought for William I in the Battle of Hasting
[05:01.32]were loyal to the new king.
[05:05.27]What they were seeking was more money and more power
[05:10.33]Either of these groups of people might be the potential
[05:15.59]overthrowers of William Is ruling.
[05:20.84]However,William was wise enough not only to realize these threats,
[05:27.18]but to set out to eliminate them.
[05:31.34]One of the most important and effective ways was to send the circulars,
[05:38.10]These were groups of people who were either capable fighters or brilliant judges,
[05:45.55]headed by a person who was both intelligent and faithful to the king.
[05:51.69]The functions of these people included the suppression of uprisings
[05:58.22]and the judgments⁷ of conflicts,
[06:02.48]As these judges were often not at all familiar with
[06:07.62]the people involved in the lawsuits⁸,
[06:11.77]investigations had to be carried out among the local people.
[06:17.73]And the opinions of the local people
[06:21.99]were so important for judgment⁶ of the cases
[06:27.13]that this eventually became an indispensable part of the English law.
[06:33.80]Those who were consulted before the court was open
[06:38.84]were members of the Grand Jury
[06:42.81]and those who helped make the final decision became members of the Petty Jury.
[06:49.34]The judges also noticed that people were more satisfied
[06:54.88]with the judgment of some cases than with others.
[07:00.13]They took special care to remember these more satisfied ones
[07:05.98]and applied⁹ them to similar case.
[07:10.13]That more often than not proved effective.
[07:14.60]That was the beginning of precedents¹⁰ in the English law.
[07:19.93]You now have 40 seconds to check your answers to Questions 17--20.
[07:27.48]Question 17-20 according to Part C (3).
[07:29.62]17.What was the most serious problem facing William I?
[07:31.68](A)The threat from France  (B)The problem with economy
[07:33.72](C)His rivals in the court  (D)The confusions of society
[07:35.78]18.What was the followers¹¹ of William I most interested in?
[07:37.82](A)Larger fortunes  (B)More fightings
[07:39.89](C)Obedience of their own subordinates.
[07:41.92](D)Restoration of their previous positions.
[07:43.96]19.Who helped the judges with the decision of lawsuits?
[07:46.02](A)Local scholars on law    (B)Local ordinary people
[07:48.06](C)Followers of the judges  (D)Investigators of the cases
[07:50.13]20.Who became members of the Petty Jury?
[07:52.16](A)Those who helped before the count was open.
[07:54.23](B)Those who-had something to do with the cases.
[07:56.26](C)Those who were involved in the final decision.
[07:58.30](D)Those who were assistants of the judges.
[08:00.37]That is the end of Part B.
[08:04.28]Part C
[08:07.03]You will hear a talk about the history of the Red Cross.
[08:12.17]As you listen,you must answer Questions 21--30.
[08:18.52]by writing NOT MORE THAN THREE words in the space provided on the right
[08:26.07]You will hear the talk TWICE.
[08:30.01]You now have 60 seconds to read Questions 21-30.
[08:36.78]Red Cross is the name and symbol of a worldwide voluntary organization
[08:44.23]Its purpose is to help the wounded,sick,
[08:50.08]and prisoners-of-war in time of war
[08:54.52]and to do first aid,nursing,and welfare work in time of peace.
[09:00.76]In 1859.
[09:04.50]the sight of the French and Italian wounded due to a battle in northern Italy
[09:10.92]made a Swiss feel uneasy
[09:14.76]His name was Jean Henri Dunant.
[09:19.12]He set out to rally the local townsfolk to care for them.
[09:24.38]He published a book
[09:27.61]urging that voluntary societies should be formed to do these jobs.
[09:33.47]As a result,the governments of several countries
[09:38.32]took part in an international conference at Geneva in 1864.
[09:45.06]and drew up a treaty called The Geneva Convention.
[09:49.71]The principle of this Convention was that in war the sick and wounded,
[09:56.95]whatever their nationality,
[10:00.71]should be protected and cared for;
[10:04.66]and that the people looking after them,
[10:08.52]the transport conveying them,
[10:12.75]military hospitals and medical equipment should be safe from attack.
[10:19.28]Then a clearly marked red cross and white ground became the symbol of this.
[10:26.05]Certain countries used other forms.
[10:30.39]For example,in Persia a Red Lion and Sun is used instead of the Red Cross.
[10:35.82]By now nearly every nation
[10:40.47]has its own Red Cross Society with similar aims and objects
[10:46.53]Since 1864 the original Convention has been revised several times,
[10:53.87]and the last revision was in 1949.
[10:59.51]Its principles now apply to shipwrecked persons and prisoners-of-war
[11:05.65]and include certain measures for the protection of civilians¹³ in wartime
[11:12.31]The International Red Cross Committee of twenty-five members,
[11:17.77]with permanent offices in Geneva,
[11:22.03]is the neutral which is particularly active in time of war
[11:27.36]The Committee was the chief means of the Red Cross.
[11:32.69]Through this means
[11:36.74]regular supplies of parcels containing food and other necessities
[11:42.88]were sent to prisoners-of-war;
[11:46.93]and through this means postal¹⁴ messages
[11:51.39]came bringing news of civilians
[11:55.13]as well as prisoners-of-war to their family members and
[12:00.69]In 1919.the League of Red Cross Societies
[12:06.33]was founded to develop and encourage the work of
[12:10.98]the national societies in peace-time,
[12:15.24]and to co-ordinate their work for refugees
[12:19.71]and their relief activities for the victims of hurricanes or typhoons,
[12:25.85]floods,earthquakes,and other natural disasters.
[12:31.41]In many countries,
[12:34.55]Red Cross are now also responsible for work such as the blood-supply program.
[12:42.10]The British Red Cross Society was first active in 1870.
[12:48.13]Its Voluntary Detachments of men trained in first aid and women in first aid
[12:55.08]and nursing became well known in both the First and the Second World Wars.
[13:01.53]They staffed and administered hospitals and ambulances,
[13:06.89]transported the wounded in every theatre of war
[13:11.64]They also helped to trace wounded and missing men,
[13:16.39]During the Second World War
[13:19.84]they undertook these and many additional duties.
[13:24.60]The Red Cross voluntary Aid Detachments
[13:29.06]shared the work of civil defence
[13:33.11]in caring for civilian¹² casualties of enemy action.
[13:38.26]in peace.much of the Society's welfare work is done by Red Cross members
[13:44.82]who are not trained as Voluntary Aid Attachments¹⁵.
[13:49.47]The British Red Cross has overseas branches in the Crown colonies
[13:55.71]and dependencies where health teaching and maternity¹⁶
[14:00.75]and child welfare are important aspects of the work.
[14:06.11]The first Junior Red Cross sections were formed in 1917,
[14:11.96]and by now many millions of boys and girls throughout the world
[14:17.99]are members of the organization.
[14:22.04]In Britain,after suitable training,
[14:26.27]they undertake service which is similar to adult members
[14:31.21]in caring for the sick and suffering.
[14:35.26]The U.S.Red Cross was founded in 1881 by Clara Barton.
[14:41.50]Miss Barton was called the Angel of the Battlefield.
[14:46.54]She set up a supply service dunng the U.S.Civil War
[14:51.79]and was nurse in army camps and on battlefields.
[14:56.55]She also led searches for themissing.
[15:00.99]After the founding of Red Cross in the U.S.
[15:05.35]she was its head until 1904.
[15:09.61]Now you are going to hear the talk a second time.
[15:14.15]You now have 100 seconds to check your answers to Questions 21--30.

1 tornado   

n.飓风，龙卷风

参考例句：

• A tornado whirled into the town last week.龙卷风上周袭击了这座城市。
• The approaching tornado struck awe in our hearts.正在逼近的龙卷风使我们惊恐万分。

2 densely   

ad.密集地；浓厚地

参考例句：

• A grove of trees shadowed the house densely. 树丛把这幢房子遮蔽得很密实。
• We passed through miles of densely wooded country. 我们穿过好几英里茂密的林地。

3 standing   

n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的

参考例句：

• After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
• They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。

4 isolated   

adj.与世隔绝的

参考例句：

• His bad behaviour was just an isolated incident. 他的不良行为只是个别事件。
• Patients with the disease should be isolated. 这种病的患者应予以隔离。

5 conquerors   

征服者，占领者( conqueror的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The Danes had selfconfidence of conquerors, and their security precautions were casual. 这些丹麦人具有征服者的自信，而且他们的安全防卫也是漫不经心的。
• The conquerors believed in crushing the defeated people into submission, knowing that they could not win their loyalty by the victory. 征服者们知道他们的胜利并不能赢得失败者的忠心，于是就认为只有通过武力才能将他们压服。

6 judgment   

n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见

参考例句：

• The chairman flatters himself on his judgment of people.主席自认为他审视人比别人高明。
• He's a man of excellent judgment.他眼力过人。

7 judgments   

判断( judgment的名词复数 )； 鉴定； 评价； 审判

参考例句：

• A peculiar austerity marked his judgments of modern life. 他对现代生活的批评带着一种特殊的苛刻。
• He is swift with his judgments. 他判断迅速。

8 lawsuits   

n.诉讼( lawsuit的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Lawsuits involving property rights and farming and grazing rights increased markedly. 涉及财产权，耕作与放牧权的诉讼案件显著地增加。 来自辞典例句
• I've lost and won more lawsuits than any man in England. 全英国的人算我官司打得最多，赢的也多，输的也多。 来自辞典例句

9 applied   

adj.应用的；v.应用，适用

参考例句：

• She plans to take a course in applied linguistics.她打算学习应用语言学课程。
• This cream is best applied to the face at night.这种乳霜最好晚上擦脸用。

10 precedents   

引用单元； 范例( precedent的名词复数 )； 先前出现的事例； 前例； 先例

参考例句：

• There is no lack of precedents in this connection. 不乏先例。
• He copied after bad precedents. 他仿效恶例。

11 followers   

追随者( follower的名词复数 )； 用户； 契据的附面； 从动件

参考例句：

• the followers of Mahatma Gandhi 圣雄甘地的拥护者
• The reformer soon gathered a band of followers round him. 改革者很快就获得一群追随者支持他。

12 civilian   

adj.平民的，民用的，民众的

参考例句：

• There is no reliable information about civilian casualties.关于平民的伤亡还没有确凿的信息。
• He resigned his commission to take up a civilian job.他辞去军职而从事平民工作。

13 civilians   

平民，百姓( civilian的名词复数 )； 老百姓

参考例句：

• the bloody massacre of innocent civilians 对无辜平民的血腥屠杀
• At least 300 civilians are unaccounted for after the bombing raids. 遭轰炸袭击之后，至少有300名平民下落不明。

14 postal   

adj.邮政的，邮局的

参考例句：

• A postal network now covers the whole country.邮路遍及全国。
• Remember to use postal code.勿忘使用邮政编码。

15 attachments   

n.（用电子邮件发送的）附件( attachment的名词复数 )；附着；连接；附属物

参考例句：

• The vacuum cleaner has four different attachments. 吸尘器有四个不同的附件。
• It's an electric drill with a range of different attachments. 这是一个带有各种配件的电钻。

16 maternity   

n.母性，母道，妇产科病房；adj.孕妇的，母性的

参考例句：

• Women workers are entitled to maternity leave with full pay.女工产假期间工资照发。
• Trainee nurses have to work for some weeks in maternity.受训的护士必须在产科病房工作数周。