国家地理 女性是如何改变卢旺达的(2)

Alice Urusaro Karekezi remembers those dark days and the daunting¹ questions of how Rwanda would move forward. A human rights lawyer, she spearheaded an effort to have the rapes² punished as a war crime in 1997, and she co-founded the Center for Conflict Management in 1999.

爱丽丝·尤卢萨罗·卡雷克奇记得那些黑暗的日子，她还记得那些问题问卢旺达怎么样才能向前走。作为一名人权律师，她冲在第一线，在1997年让那些强奸犯作为战争犯接受了惩罚，她还在1999年参与创建了冲突管理中心。

"You had the majority of the dead—men," she says. "The majority of the fugitives—men. The majority of the prisoners—men. Who will run the country?"

她说：“死的大部分都是男人。那些难民也大部分都是男人。坐牢的人也大部分都是男人。那谁来管理这个国家呢？”

Out of tragedy, necessity, and pragmatism, women -- up to 80 percent of Rwanda's surviving population -- stepped in to fill the leadership void. Aided by women's civil society groups, lawmakers have introduced some of the most women-friendly policies in the world.

由于这些悲剧，出于必要性和实用性的考虑，女性，这些在卢旺达存活下来的人口中占80%的人，走上了领导席。在民间女性团体的帮助下，议员们制定了一些在全世界范围内对女性最友好的政策。

In 1999, overturning tradition, women officially were allowed to inherit property in the absence of a will, making landowners of rural daughters who'd been disenfranchised in favor of their brothers. Other reforms enabled women to use their land as collateral³ to obtain loans. Women were granted the right to open bank accounts without their husband's permission, further encouraging financial independence. Girls' education was prioritized through efforts that allowed more of them to attend college, and incentives⁴ were created for girls to study traditionally male-dominated subjects.

1999年，颠覆了传统，国家宣布在没有遗嘱的情况下女性也有权继承遗产，曾经被剥夺了继承权的只能选择支持兄弟的女儿们也拥有了土地。还有一些其他的改革允许女性用地作为抵押品来获得贷款。女性还有权在没有丈夫的允许的情况下开银行账户，这进一步鼓励了她们的经济独立。各种努力也让女性教育获得优先权，更多女孩因此可以上大学，国家还鼓励她们去学习那些以前只以男性为主的学科。

1 daunting   

adj.使人畏缩的

参考例句：

• They were faced with the daunting task of restoring the house.他们面临着修复房子的艰巨任务。
• Starting a new job can be a daunting prospect.开始一项新工作有时会让人望而却步。

2 rapes   

n.芸苔( rape的名词复数 )；强奸罪；强奸案；肆意损坏v.以暴力夺取，强夺( rape的第三人称单数 )；强奸

参考例句：

• The man who had committed several rapes was arrested. 那个犯了多起强奸案的男人被抓起来了。 来自辞典例句
• The incidence of reported rapes rose 0.8 percent. 美国联邦调查局还发布了两份特别报告。 来自互联网

3 collateral   

adj.平行的；旁系的；n.担保品

参考例句：

• Many people use personal assets as collateral for small business loans.很多人把个人财产用作小额商业贷款的抵押品。
• Most people here cannot borrow from banks because they lack collateral.由于拿不出东西作为抵押，这里大部分人无法从银行贷款。

4 incentives   

激励某人做某事的事物( incentive的名词复数 )； 刺激； 诱因； 动机

参考例句：

• tax incentives to encourage savings 鼓励储蓄的税收措施
• Furthermore, subsidies provide incentives only for investments in equipment. 更有甚者，提供津贴仅是为鼓励增添设备的投资。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法