华盛顿邮报 拜登重启“留在墨西哥”移民政策

The migrant protection protocols¹, or better known as Remain in Mexico, this is a Trump²-era policy that was condemned³ by human-rights groups and immigration advocates because of the dangers that it placed immigrants in.

移民保护协议，更广为人知的名字是“留在墨西哥”（Remain in Mexico），是特朗普时代的一项政策，曾受到人权组织和移民倡导者的谴责，因为它将移民置于危险之中。

The Biden administration made this an early priority to terminate MPP, and he did earlier this year.

拜登政府将此作为终止《移民保护协议》的早期优先事项，今年早些时候他这样做了。

But then, the states of Texas and Missouri sued, saying that the Biden administration did this erroneously, and a federal judge agreed with them and ordered the Biden administration to restart the program.

但随后，德克萨斯州和密苏里州提起诉讼，称拜登政府的做法是错误的，一名联邦法官同意他们的看法，并下令拜登政府重启该项目。

Because of a federal court order, this thing that we thought would end with the Trump administration isn't actually going away.

由于联邦法院的命令，我们以为会随着特朗普政府结束的这件事，实际上并没有消失。

And now people are asking, "What does this mean for asylum⁵-seekers?"

现在人们在问，“这对寻求庇护者意味着什么?”

Today, we're talking to our Arelis about the revival⁶ of the Remain in Mexico program.

今天，我们要和阿雷利斯谈谈复兴“留在墨西哥”计划。

We're going to revisit the story of one family who dealt with the awful ramifications⁷ of this program,

我们将重温一个家庭的故事，他们应对了这个项目带来的可怕后果，

and we're also going to unpack⁸ how the Biden administration is promising⁹ that this version of Remain in Mexico is going to look different and why it's being revived in the first place.

我们还将分析拜登政府如何承诺这一版本的“留在墨西哥”看起来会有所不同，以及为什么要重新恢复该项目。

So, is it fair to say the Biden administration is being forced by the courts to restart this program?

那么，是否可以这样说，拜登政府是迫于法院的压力重新启动这一项目?

Yes. Even in their own words, they call this the court-ordered re-implementation of MPP.

是的。甚至用他们自己的话说，他们称之为法院下令重新实施《移民保护协议》。

I would say first to all of these people that it is not our preference to be re-implementing and reinstituting the Migrant Protection Program.

首先，我想对所有这些人说，我们不希望重新实施和重新建立移民保护计划。

We are doing that because of a court order and legal requirement to do so and that we have put in place a number of changes to make from the Department of Homeland Security to improve some humanitarian¹¹ components¹².

我们之所以这样做，是因为法院命令和法律要求这样做，而且我们已经落实了一些来自国土安全部的变化，以改善一些人道主义方面的内容。

But we still feel that the program is inefficient¹³, inhumane, and we are not -- we did not eagerly re-implement¹⁰ it, I should say.

但我们仍然觉得这个项目是低效的，不人道的，我们没有——我们没有急切地重新实施改项目，我应该说。

So, the court ordered the Biden administration to restart the program because they felt that the memo¹⁵ that the Biden administration issued to end it was done improperly¹⁶, that the justification¹⁷ it provided wasn't in compliance¹⁸, that it was capricious in the way they had done it.

因此，法院命令拜登政府重新启动该项目，因为他们认为拜登政府发布的结束该项目的备忘录做得不恰当，认为它提供的理由不符合规定，认为他们这样做的方式是反复无常的。

So, essentially¹⁹, the writing of the memo to end it did not comply with federal rules.

因此，从本质上说，写备忘录来终结改项目不符合联邦规定。

On the flip²⁰ side of that, leaders in Texas and Missouri, both of whom have been extremely critical of the Biden administration and their management of border issues, felt that MPP under Trump was a program that worked, that it kept thousands of migrants out of the United States and sifted²¹ through what they believed to be large numbers of fraudulent or illegitimate asylum claims and kept them out of the country.

另一方面，德克萨斯州和密苏里州的领导人都对拜登政府及其对边境问题的管理持极端批评态度，他们认为特朗普领导下的《移民保护协议》是一个行之有效的计划，它将数千名移民拒之门外，筛选了他们认为的大量欺诈性或非法庇护申请，使他们无法进入美国。

In reality, you know, this program, as we know it now, did not give a lot of people who were hoping for protection in the United States a true due process opportunity to make those claims in U.S. immigration courts.

实际上，正如我们现在所知道的，这个项目并没有给很多希望在美国获得保护的人提供真正的正当程序机会，让他们在美国移民法庭上提出这些要求。

So what is going to be different now that this program is being put back in place, that these asylum-seekers will have to begin waiting again in Mexico rather than within the United States?

那么，现在这个项目重新启动，这些寻求庇护的人将不得不再次在墨西哥而不是在美国等待，这会有什么不同呢?

So, during the previous iteration of MPP, Mexico actually made very little effort or expressed very little concern about the well-being²² of migrants and their plight²³ in Mexico in this process.

在之前的《移民保护协议》版本中，墨西哥实际上做出的努力很少，对移民的福祉和他们在墨西哥的困境表达的关心很少。

But with the second iteration, Mexico has actually been very forceful in pushing for more humanitarian protections for migrants.

但在第二次的版本中，墨西哥实际上一直在大力推动为移民提供更多人道主义保护。

And as part of the negotiations²⁴ between the Biden administration, as well as the administration of Andrés Manuel López Obrador, the president of Mexico.

作为拜登政府和墨西哥总统安德烈斯·曼努埃尔·洛佩斯·奥布拉多(Andrés Manuel López Obrador)政府谈判的一部分。

So there are several humanitarian adjustments that have been made to the program that they hope will better protect migrants in this process.

因此，他们对该项目进行了几项人道主义调整，希望在这一过程中更好地保护移民。

But, again, even the U.N.'s International Office of Migration⁴ will tell you that this is not a policy that they endorse²⁵.

但是，再次，甚至是联合国美国国际移民部会告诉你，这不是他们支持的政策。

They're going to help many humanitarian organizations and NGOs, has said they won't help the Biden administration implement what they see as an inhumane program that cannot be made humane¹⁴ in any way.

他们将帮助许多人道主义组织和非政府组织，他们表示不会帮助拜登政府实施他们认为不能以任何方式变得人道的不人道项目。

And so, you know, that's why I'm here in El Paso to see how this is all going to work, because there's a lot of questions and not many answers from the Biden administration exactly on what this will look like in real life.

所以，你知道，这就是我来埃尔帕索（美国城市）看看这一切将如何运作的原因，因为拜登政府在现实生活中到底会是什么样子，有很多问题，但答案并不多。

1 protocols   

n.礼仪( protocol的名词复数 )；（外交条约的）草案；（数据传递的）协议；科学实验报告（或计划）

参考例句：

• There are also protocols on the testing of nuclear weapons. 也有关于核武器试验的协议。 来自辞典例句
• Hardware components and software design of network transport protocols are separately introduced. 介绍系统硬件组成及网络传输协议的软件设计。 来自互联网

2 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

3 condemned   

adj. 被责难的, 被宣告有罪的 动词condemn的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• He condemned the hypocrisy of those politicians who do one thing and say another. 他谴责了那些说一套做一套的政客的虚伪。
• The policy has been condemned as a regressive step. 这项政策被认为是一种倒退而受到谴责。

4 migration   

n.迁移，移居，（鸟类等的）迁徙

参考例句：

• Swallows begin their migration south in autumn.燕子在秋季开始向南方迁移。
• He described the vernal migration of birds in detail.他详细地描述了鸟的春季移居。

5 asylum   

n.避难所，庇护所，避难

参考例句：

• The people ask for political asylum.人们请求政治避难。
• Having sought asylum in the West for many years,they were eventually granted it.他们最终获得了在西方寻求多年的避难权。

6 revival   

n.复兴，复苏，（精力、活力等的）重振

参考例句：

• The period saw a great revival in the wine trade.这一时期葡萄酒业出现了很大的复苏。
• He claimed the housing market was showing signs of a revival.他指出房地产市场正出现复苏的迹象。

7 ramifications   

n.结果，后果( ramification的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• These changes are bound to have widespread social ramifications. 这些变化注定会造成许多难以预料的社会后果。
• What are the ramifications of our decision to join the union? 我们决定加入工会会引起哪些后果呢？ 来自《简明英汉词典》

8 unpack   

vt.打开包裹（或行李），卸货

参考例句：

• I must unpack before dinner.我得在饭前把行李打开。
• She said she would unpack the items later.她说以后再把箱子里的东西拿出来。

9 promising   

adj.有希望的，有前途的

参考例句：

• The results of the experiments are very promising.实验的结果充满了希望。
• We're trying to bring along one or two promising young swimmers.我们正设法培养出一两名有前途的年轻游泳选手。

10 implement   

n.(pl.)工具，器具；vt.实行，实施，执行

参考例句：

• Don't undertake a project unless you can implement it.不要承担一项计划，除非你能完成这项计划。
• The best implement for digging a garden is a spade.在花园里挖土的最好工具是铁锹。

11 humanitarian   

n.人道主义者，博爱者，基督凡人论者

参考例句：

• She has many humanitarian interests and contributes a lot to them.她拥有很多慈善事业，并作了很大的贡献。
• The British government has now suspended humanitarian aid to the area.英国政府现已暂停对这一地区的人道主义援助。

12 components   

（机器、设备等的）构成要素，零件，成分； 成分( component的名词复数 )； [物理化学]组分； [数学]分量； （混合物的）组成部分

参考例句：

• the components of a machine 机器部件
• Our chemistry teacher often reduces a compound to its components in lab. 在实验室中化学老师常把化合物分解为各种成分。

13 inefficient   

adj.效率低的，无效的

参考例句：

• The inefficient operation cost the firm a lot of money.低效率的运作使该公司损失了许多钱。
• Their communication systems are inefficient in the extreme.他们的通讯系统效率非常差。

14 humane   

adj.人道的，富有同情心的

参考例句：

• Is it humane to kill animals for food?宰杀牲畜来吃合乎人道吗？
• Their aim is for a more just and humane society.他们的目标是建立一个更加公正、博爱的社会。

15 memo   

n.照会，备忘录；便笺；通知书；规章

参考例句：

• Do you want me to send the memo out?您要我把这份备忘录分发出去吗？
• Can you type a memo for me?您能帮我打一份备忘录吗？

16 improperly   

不正确地，不适当地

参考例句：

• Of course it was acting improperly. 这样做就是不对嘛！
• He is trying to improperly influence a witness. 他在试图误导证人。

17 justification   

n.正当的理由；辩解的理由

参考例句：

• There's no justification for dividing the company into smaller units. 没有理由把公司划分成小单位。
• In the young there is a justification for this feeling. 在年轻人中有这种感觉是有理由的。

18 compliance   

n.顺从；服从；附和；屈从

参考例句：

• I was surprised by his compliance with these terms.我对他竟然依从了这些条件而感到吃惊。
• She gave up the idea in compliance with his desire.她顺从他的愿望而放弃自己的主意。

19 essentially   

adv.本质上，实质上，基本上

参考例句：

• Really great men are essentially modest.真正的伟人大都很谦虚。
• She is an essentially selfish person.她本质上是个自私自利的人。

20 flip   

vt.快速翻动；轻抛；轻拍；n.轻抛；adj.轻浮的

参考例句：

• I had a quick flip through the book and it looked very interesting.我很快翻阅了一下那本书，看来似乎很有趣。
• Let's flip a coin to see who pays the bill.咱们来抛硬币决定谁付钱。

21 sifted   

v.筛( sift的过去式和过去分词 )；筛滤；细查；详审

参考例句：

• She sifted through her papers to find the lost letter. 她仔细在文件中寻找那封丢失的信。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• She sifted thistles through her thistle-sifter. 她用蓟筛筛蓟。 来自《简明英汉词典》

22 well-being   

n.安康，安乐，幸福

参考例句：

• He always has the well-being of the masses at heart.他总是把群众的疾苦挂在心上。
• My concern for their well-being was misunderstood as interference.我关心他们的幸福，却被误解为多管闲事。

23 plight   

n.困境，境况，誓约，艰难；vt.宣誓，保证，约定

参考例句：

• The leader was much concerned over the plight of the refugees.那位领袖对难民的困境很担忧。
• She was in a most helpless plight.她真不知如何是好。

24 negotiations   

协商( negotiation的名词复数 )； 谈判； 完成（难事）； 通过

参考例句：

• negotiations for a durable peace 为持久和平而进行的谈判
• Negotiations have failed to establish any middle ground. 谈判未能达成任何妥协。

25 endorse   

vt.(支票、汇票等)背书，背署；批注；同意

参考例句：

• No one is foolish enough to endorse it.没有哪个人会傻得赞成它。
• I fully endorse your opinions on this subject.我完全拥护你对此课题的主张。