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大学英语精读第三册 Unit Eight:Daydream a Little

时间:2005-04-20 16:00来源:互联网 提供网友:鱼尾巴   字体: [ ]
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Daydreaming2 has always had reputation, but now scientific research has revealed that daydreaming may actually improve your mental health and creativity. It can even help you achieve your desired goals.

Daydream1 a Little

Eugene Raudsepp

"Daydreaming again, Barb3? You'll never amount to anything if you spend your time that way! Can't you find something useful to do?" Many youngsters have heard words like those from their parents. And until recently this hostile attitude towards daydreaming was the most common one. Daydreaming was viewed as a waste of time. Or it was considered and unhealthy escape from real life and its duties. But now some people are taking a fresh look at daydreaming. Some think it may be a very healthy thing to do.
Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. Once it was thought that nighttime dreams interfered5 with our needed rest. But then researchers tried interrupting the dreams of sleepers6. They learned that sleepers who aren't allowed to dream lost the benefits of rest. They become tense and anxious. They become irritable7. They have trouble concentrating. Their mental health is temporarily damaged. To feel well again, they must be allowed to dream.
Now researchers are finding that daydreaming may also be important to mental health. Daydreaming, they tell us, is a good means of relaxation8. But its benefits go beyond this. A number of psychologists have conducted experiments and have reached some surprising conclusions.
Dr. Joan T. Freyberg has concluded that daydreaming contributes to intellectual growth. It also improves concentration, attention span, and the ability to get along with others, she says. In an experiment with school children, this same researcher found that daydreaming led the children to pay more attention to detail. They had more happy feelings. They worked together better. Another researcher reported that daydreaming seemed to produce improved self-control and creative abilities.
But that's only part of the story. The most remarkable9 thing about daydreaming may be its usefulness in shaping our future lives as we want them to be. Industrialist10 Henry J. Kaiser believed that much of his success was due to the positive use of daydreaming. He maintained that "you can imagine your future." Florence Nightingale dreamed of becoming a nurse. The young Thomas Edison pictured himself as an inventor. For these notable achievers, it appears that their daydreams11 came true.
Dr. Harry12 Emerson Fosdick believed that the way we picture ourselves is often the way we turn out. He offered this advice: "Hold a picture of yourself … in your mind's eye, and you will be drawn13 toward it. Picture yourself vividly14 as defeated, and that will make victory impossible. Picture yourself as winning, and that will contribute immeasurably to success. Do not picture yourself as anything, and you will drift ……"
The experiences of some athletes seem to confirm this belief. For instance, John Uelses, a former pole-vaulting champion, used daydreaming techniques before each meet. He would imagine himself winning. He would vividly picture himself clearing the bar at a certain height. He would go over all the details in his mind. He would picture the stadium and the crowds. He'd even imagine the smell of the grass and the earth. He said that this exercise of the imagination left memory traces in his mind that would later help his actual performance.
Why would a mental vision of success help produce real success? Dr. Maxwel Maltz, a surgeon and author, say this: "Your nervous system cannot tell the difference between an imagined experience and real experience. In either case it reacts automatically to information that you give it …… It reacts appropriately to what you think or imagine to be true."
He believes that purposeful daydreaming builds new "memories" in the brain. These positive memories improve a person's self-image. And self-image has an important effect on a person's action and accomplishments15.
Can you use purposeful daydreaming to shape your own future? Why not try? Here is how those who believe in creative daydreaming recommend going about it. Choose a time when you can be alone and undisturbed. Close your eyes, to permit your imagination to soar more freely. Many people find that they get best results by pretending that they are sitting before a large screen. They project the desired image of themselves onto that screen.
Now picture yourself —— as vividly as possible ——the way you want to be. Remember to picture your desired goals as if you had already attained16 them. Go over all the details of this picture. See them clearly and sharply. Impress them strongly on your memory. The resulting memory traces will supposedly start affecting your everyday life. They will help lead you to the attainment17 to your goals.
Of course daydreaming is no substitute for hard work. If it's athletic18 achievement you want, you also have to get lots of practice in your sport. You have to work hard to develop skills. If it's school success you're after, you can't neglect studying Daydreaming alone can't turn you into your heart's desire. But in combination with the more usual methods of self-development, it might make a critical difference. It could be the difference between becoming merely good at something and becoming a champion.
If what researchers are saying is true, a life lived without fantasies and daydreams isn't as rich and rewarding as life can be. So they suggest setting aside a few minutes each day for daydreaming. By so doing, you may improve your physical and mental well-being19. By taking a ten-or fifteen-minute "vacation" into the realm of imagination each day, you may add much to the excitement and enjoyment20 of your life. And who knows: You might see your own daydreams come true.

New words
hostile
a. unfriendly; belonging to an enemy 敌对的

view
vt. consider, regard

escape
n. & v. 逃跑;逃避

nighttime
a. occurring at night

interfere4
vi. get in the way of another 干涉;妨碍

interference n.

researcher
n. advantage, profit, good effect 益处

tense
a. feeling or showing nervous anxiety 紧张的

irritable
a. easily annoyed or made angry

means
n. method or way

psychologist
n. person who has studied or is skilled in psychology21 心理学家

contribute
vi. help in bringing about 贡献

growth
n. growing; development

concentration
n. concentrating or being concentrated

span
n. length of time during which sth. Continuses or works well 一段时间

self-control
n. control of one's own feelings, behavior, etc.

creative
a. having the power to create; inventive

remarkable
a. deserving attention; unusual, out of the ordinary 显著的;非凡的

shape
vt. influence and determine the course or form of 形成,塑造

industrialist
n. one owing an industry or engaged in its management

maintain
vt. state or assert as true; keep up 断言;维持

picture
vt. imagine; make a picture of

inventor
n. a person who makes up or produces sth. new

notable
a. outstanding; worthy22 of notice 著名的;值得注意的

achiever
n. one who achieves; winner

vividly
ad. in a lively manner 生动地;逼真的

vivid a.

immeasurably
ad. to an extent or degree too great to be measured; beyond measure

driftvi. float or be driven along by wind, waves or currents 漂(流)

athlete
n. person who is trained and skilled in physical exercises and who competes in games that need strength and speed 运动员

pole-vaulting
n. jumping with the help of a long pole held in the hand 撑竿跳

champion
n. person or team taking the first place in competition 冠军

meet
n. (AmE) gathering23 esp. for competitive sports

clear
vt. get past or over without touching24

bar
n. 横竿;杆;条状物

stadium
n. 露天体育场

trace
n. mark showing that sb. or sth. has existed or happened 痕迹

memory trace
chemical change occurring in the brain when new information is absorbed and remembered 记忆痕(脑部吸收或记忆信息时所产生的化学变化)

vision
n. sth. seen in the mind's eye; the power of imagination 想象(力)

automatically
ad. 自动地;无意识地

automatic a.

appropriately
ad. properly, suitably

appropriate a.

purposeful
a. having a conscious purpose

self-image
n. view of oneself 自我形象

accomplishment
n. sth. completely and successfully done 成就

recommend
vt. advise or suggest; speak favorably of 建议;推荐

soar
vi. fly or go up high in the air; rise 翱翔;升腾

screen
n. white surface on which cinema films, TV programs, etc. are sown 银幕;屏幕

project
vt. cause a picture from a film or slide to fall on a surface, etc. 映,投射

goal
n. one's aim or purpose 目标

attain
vt. succeed in arriving at, esp. after effort, reach 获得;达到

attainment
n. the act of attaining25; (usu. pl) sth. successfully reached or learnt, esp. a skill

substitute
n. a person or thing acting26 in place of another 代替者;代用品

athletic
a. having to do with active games and sports; of or concerning athletes

achievement
n. sth. successfully finished or gained 成就

after
prep. in pursuit of; in search of

neglect
vt. pay no attention to; give no or not enough care to 忽视

combination
n. joining or putting together 结合

method
n. way of doing sth.

merely
ad. only; simply

well-being
n. health and happiness; welfare 康乐;安康

vacation
n. time of rest and freedom from work of school; holiday

realm
n. area; kingdom 领域;王国

enjoyment
n. the act or fact of enjoying; pleasure; satisfaction

PHRASES & EXPRESSION
amount to
develop into; be equal to

interfere with
hinder, affect; interrupt 干扰;妨碍

contribute to
help to achieve; give help towards 有助于

get along with
have a friendly relationship with

due to
because of; cause by

come true
happen just as was wished, expected, or dreamt

go about
make a start at; undertake 着手做

PROPER NAMES
Barb
巴勃(女子名,Barbara 的昵称)

Joan T. Freyberg
琼.T.弗赖伯格

Kaiser
凯泽(姓氏)

Florence Nightingale
佛洛伦斯.南丁格尔

Fosdick
福斯迪克(姓氏)

Uelses
尤尔塞斯(姓氏)

Maxwell Maltz
马克斯韦尔.莫尔茨


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 daydream jvGzVa     
v.做白日梦,幻想
参考例句:
  • Boys and girls daydream about what they want to be.孩子们遐想着他们将来要干什么。
  • He drifted off into another daydream.他飘飘然又做了一个白日梦。
2 daydreaming 9c041c062b3f0df80606b13db4b7c0c3     
v.想入非非,空想( daydream的现在分词 )
参考例句:
  • Stop daydreaming and be realistic. 别空想了,还是从实际出发吧。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • Bill was sitting and daydreaming so his mother told him to come down to earth and to do his homework. 比尔坐着空想, 他母亲要他面对现实,去做课外作业。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
3 barb kuXzG     
n.(鱼钩等的)倒钩,倒刺
参考例句:
  • The barb of his wit made us wince.他那锋芒毕露的机智使我们退避三舍。
  • A fish hook has a barb to prevent the fish from escaping after being hooked.鱼钩上都有一个倒钩以防上了钩的鱼逃走。
4 interfere b5lx0     
v.(in)干涉,干预;(with)妨碍,打扰
参考例句:
  • If we interfere, it may do more harm than good.如果我们干预的话,可能弊多利少。
  • When others interfere in the affair,it always makes troubles. 别人一卷入这一事件,棘手的事情就来了。
5 interfered 71b7e795becf1adbddfab2cd6c5f0cff     
v.干预( interfere的过去式和过去分词 );调停;妨碍;干涉
参考例句:
  • Complete absorption in sports interfered with his studies. 专注于运动妨碍了他的学业。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • I am not going to be interfered with. 我不想别人干扰我的事情。 来自《简明英汉词典》
6 sleepers 1d076aa8d5bfd0daecb3ca5f5c17a425     
n.卧铺(通常以复数形式出现);卧车( sleeper的名词复数 );轨枕;睡觉(呈某种状态)的人;小耳环
参考例句:
  • He trod quietly so as not to disturb the sleepers. 他轻移脚步,以免吵醒睡着的人。 来自辞典例句
  • The nurse was out, and we two sleepers were alone. 保姆出去了,只剩下我们两个瞌睡虫。 来自辞典例句
7 irritable LRuzn     
adj.急躁的;过敏的;易怒的
参考例句:
  • He gets irritable when he's got toothache.他牙一疼就很容易发脾气。
  • Our teacher is an irritable old lady.She gets angry easily.我们的老师是位脾气急躁的老太太。她很容易生气。
8 relaxation MVmxj     
n.松弛,放松;休息;消遣;娱乐
参考例句:
  • The minister has consistently opposed any relaxation in the law.部长一向反对法律上的任何放宽。
  • She listens to classical music for relaxation.她听古典音乐放松。
9 remarkable 8Vbx6     
adj.显著的,异常的,非凡的,值得注意的
参考例句:
  • She has made remarkable headway in her writing skills.她在写作技巧方面有了长足进步。
  • These cars are remarkable for the quietness of their engines.这些汽车因发动机没有噪音而不同凡响。
10 industrialist JqSz4Y     
n.工业家,实业家
参考例句:
  • The industrialist's son was kidnapped.这名实业家的儿子被绑架了。
  • Mr.Smith was a wealthy industrialist,but he was not satisfied with life.史密斯先生是位富有的企业家,可他对生活感到不满意。
11 daydreams 6b57d1c03c8b2893e2fe456dbdf42f5b     
n.白日梦( daydream的名词复数 )v.想入非非,空想( daydream的第三人称单数 )
参考例句:
  • Often they gave themselves up to daydreams of escape. 他们常沉溺进这种逃避现实的白日梦。 来自英汉文学
  • I would become disgusted with my futile daydreams. 我就讨厌自己那种虚无的梦想。 来自辞典例句
12 harry heBxS     
vt.掠夺,蹂躏,使苦恼
参考例句:
  • Today,people feel more hurried and harried.今天,人们感到更加忙碌和苦恼。
  • Obama harried business by Healthcare Reform plan.奥巴马用医改掠夺了商界。
13 drawn MuXzIi     
v.拖,拉,拔出;adj.憔悴的,紧张的
参考例句:
  • All the characters in the story are drawn from life.故事中的所有人物都取材于生活。
  • Her gaze was drawn irresistibly to the scene outside.她的目光禁不住被外面的风景所吸引。
14 vividly tebzrE     
adv.清楚地,鲜明地,生动地
参考例句:
  • The speaker pictured the suffering of the poor vividly.演讲者很生动地描述了穷人的生活。
  • The characters in the book are vividly presented.这本书里的人物写得栩栩如生。
15 accomplishments 1c15077db46e4d6425b6f78720939d54     
n.造诣;完成( accomplishment的名词复数 );技能;成绩;成就
参考例句:
  • It was one of the President's greatest accomplishments. 那是总统最伟大的成就之一。
  • Among her accomplishments were sewing,cooking,playing the piano and dancing. 她的才能包括缝纫、烹调、弹钢琴和跳舞。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
16 attained 1f2c1bee274e81555decf78fe9b16b2f     
(通常经过努力)实现( attain的过去式和过去分词 ); 达到; 获得; 达到(某年龄、水平、状况)
参考例句:
  • She has attained the degree of Master of Arts. 她已获得文学硕士学位。
  • Lu Hsun attained a high position in the republic of letters. 鲁迅在文坛上获得崇高的地位。
17 attainment Dv3zY     
n.达到,到达;[常pl.]成就,造诣
参考例句:
  • We congratulated her upon her attainment to so great an age.我们祝贺她高寿。
  • The attainment of the success is not easy.成功的取得并不容易。
18 athletic sOPy8     
adj.擅长运动的,强健的;活跃的,体格健壮的
参考例句:
  • This area has been marked off for athletic practice.这块地方被划出来供体育训练之用。
  • He is an athletic star.他是一个运动明星。
19 well-being Fe3zbn     
n.安康,安乐,幸福
参考例句:
  • He always has the well-being of the masses at heart.他总是把群众的疾苦挂在心上。
  • My concern for their well-being was misunderstood as interference.我关心他们的幸福,却被误解为多管闲事。
20 enjoyment opaxV     
n.乐趣;享有;享用
参考例句:
  • Your company adds to the enjoyment of our visit. 有您的陪同,我们这次访问更加愉快了。
  • After each joke the old man cackled his enjoyment.每逢讲完一个笑话,这老人就呵呵笑着表示他的高兴。
21 psychology U0Wze     
n.心理,心理学,心理状态
参考例句:
  • She has a background in child psychology.她受过儿童心理学的教育。
  • He studied philosophy and psychology at Cambridge.他在剑桥大学学习哲学和心理学。
22 worthy vftwB     
adj.(of)值得的,配得上的;有价值的
参考例句:
  • I did not esteem him to be worthy of trust.我认为他不值得信赖。
  • There occurred nothing that was worthy to be mentioned.没有值得一提的事发生。
23 gathering ChmxZ     
n.集会,聚会,聚集
参考例句:
  • He called on Mr. White to speak at the gathering.他请怀特先生在集会上讲话。
  • He is on the wing gathering material for his novels.他正忙于为他的小说收集资料。
24 touching sg6zQ9     
adj.动人的,使人感伤的
参考例句:
  • It was a touching sight.这是一幅动人的景象。
  • His letter was touching.他的信很感人。
25 attaining da8a99bbb342bc514279651bdbe731cc     
(通常经过努力)实现( attain的现在分词 ); 达到; 获得; 达到(某年龄、水平、状况)
参考例句:
  • Jim is halfway to attaining his pilot's licence. 吉姆就快要拿到飞行员执照了。
  • By that time she was attaining to fifty. 那时她已快到五十岁了。
26 acting czRzoc     
n.演戏,行为,假装;adj.代理的,临时的,演出用的
参考例句:
  • Ignore her,she's just acting.别理她,她只是假装的。
  • During the seventies,her acting career was in eclipse.在七十年代,她的表演生涯黯然失色。
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