纪录片《饮食变迁》 第39期:道路依旧漫长

As suspected, leptin and melanocortin

一如科学家的怀疑 瘦蛋白和黑素皮质素

are turning out to be just the tip of the iceberg¹.

只不过是冰山一角

We now know about a number of other

现在我们得知 大脑中的一些其他

chemicals in the brain that act to regulate appetite.

化学物质也在参与食欲调控过程

We know there are some that act to decrease appetite...

我们也知道 其中一些可以减弱食欲

..Such as the melanocortins, the neuromedins...

比如说黑素皮质素 神经调节肽

..POMC, the melanocortin receptor,

阿片促黑素原 黑素皮质素受体

CART...

可卡因-苯丙胺调节转录肽

There are those that decrease appetite,

这些东西都可以降低食欲

such as the orexins, galanin...

例如食欲肽 神经节肽

Neuropeptide Y... There are a number

神经肽Y 也有一些

of peptides released from the gut² that affect appetite,

内脏器官释放的肽会影响食欲

such as glucagon-like peptide-1, enterostatin,

例如胰高血糖素样肽-1 肠抑素

cholecystokinin and on and on and on.

肠促胰酶肽等等

We're expecting more discoveries all the time.

我们一直在期待更多的发现

But even with all these drug targets,

即使有了所有药物标靶

they still have a long way to go.

前路依然漫漫

In terms of drug treatments for obesity³,

在肥胖的药物治疗方面

we're lagging 20 years behind other avenues of research.

与其他研究方向相比 我们落后了20年

We're at the beginning of a long road now and even if a treatment

我们正在漫长道路的起点 即使明天

were to be identified tomorrow, then we're looking at 10,

就能提出一项治疗方法 我们依然

12 years before any treatment is actually available.

要等10年或12年才能真正实施治疗

1 iceberg   

n.冰山，流冰，冷冰冰的人

参考例句：

• The ship hit an iceberg and went under.船撞上一座冰山而沉没了。
• The glacier calved a large iceberg.冰河崩解而形成一个大冰山。

2 gut   

n.[pl.]胆量；内脏；adj.本能的；vt.取出内脏

参考例句：

• It is not always necessary to gut the fish prior to freezing.冷冻鱼之前并不总是需要先把内脏掏空。
• My immediate gut feeling was to refuse.我本能的直接反应是拒绝。

3 obesity   

n.肥胖，肥大

参考例句：

• One effect of overeating may be obesity.吃得过多能导致肥胖。
• Sugar and fat can more easily lead to obesity than some other foods.糖和脂肪比其他食物更容易导致肥胖。