美国学生历史 第69期:政府的组建(2)

 　　194. The First Inauguration¹, April 30, 1789. 194．第一个就职典礼（1789年4月30日）

　　Long before the time set for the inauguration ceremonies, the streets around Federal Hall were closely packed with sightseers. 早在就职典礼开始之前，联邦大厅周围的街道上就挤满了观望的人，

　　Washington in a suit of velvet² with white silk stockings came out on the balcony and took the oath of office ordered in the Constitution, 华盛顿来到阳台上，身着天鹅绒外套和白色的长筒丝袜，他按照宪法中的要求宣誓就职：

　　"I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States." "我将忠实地执行总统职责，以我最大的努力坚持、保护和捍卫美国宪法。"

　　Cannon³ roared forth⁴ a salute⁵ and Chancellor⁶ Livingston turning to the people proclaimed, "Long live George Washington, President of the United States." 礼炮齐鸣，大臣利文斯顿转向人们宣告："美国总统乔治o华盛顿万岁！"

　　Re-entering the hall Washington read a simple and solemn address. 华盛顿回到大厅，做简洁而郑重的致辞。

　　195. The First Cabinet. 195．首届内阁

　　Washington appointed Thomas Jefferson Secretary of State. 华盛顿任命托马斯o杰斐逊为国务卿，

　　Since writing the Great Declaration, Jefferson had been governor of Virginia and American minister at Paris. 杰斐逊是《独立宣言》的起草者，曾经做过弗吉尼亚的州长并在巴黎当过美国的外交官。

　　The Secretary of the Treasury⁷ was Alexander Hamilton. 财政大臣是亚历山大·汉米尔顿，

　　Born in the British West Indies, he had come to New York to attend King's College, now Columbia University. 他出生在大不列颠西印度群岛，曾经到纽约的国王和王后学院（现在的哥伦比亚大学）学习。

　　For Secretary of War, Washington selected Henry Knox. He had been Chief of Artillery⁸ during the Revolution. 华盛顿推选的战争大臣是亨利o诺克斯，在大革命时期他是炮兵司令。

　　Since then he had been head of the War Department. Edward Randolph became Attorney General. 从此他负责战争部，爱德华·伦道夫成为司法部长，

　　He had introduced the Virginia plan of union into the Federal Convention. 伦道夫曾经将弗吉尼亚的联邦计划引荐给联邦大会，

　　But he had not signed the Constitution in its final form. 但是，他没有在最后落成的宪法上签字。

　　These four officers formed the Cabinet.There was also a Postmaster General. But his office was of slight importance at the time. 这四位官员组成内阁，还有一位邮政大臣，但此时他的职位并不十分重要。

1 inauguration   

n.开幕、就职典礼

参考例句：

• The inauguration of a President of the United States takes place on January 20.美国总统的就职典礼于一月二十日举行。
• Three celebrated tenors sang at the president's inauguration.3位著名的男高音歌手在总统就职仪式上演唱。

2 velvet   

n.丝绒，天鹅绒；adj.丝绒制的，柔软的

参考例句：

• This material feels like velvet.这料子摸起来像丝绒。
• The new settlers wore the finest silk and velvet clothing.新来的移民穿着最华丽的丝绸和天鹅绒衣服。

3 cannon   

n.大炮，火炮；飞机上的机关炮

参考例句：

• The soldiers fired the cannon.士兵们开炮。
• The cannon thundered in the hills.大炮在山间轰鸣。

4 forth   

adv.向前；向外，往外

参考例句：

• The wind moved the trees gently back and forth.风吹得树轻轻地来回摇晃。
• He gave forth a series of works in rapid succession.他很快连续发表了一系列的作品。

5 salute   

vi.行礼，致意，问候，放礼炮；vt.向…致意，迎接，赞扬；n.招呼，敬礼，礼炮

参考例句：

• Merchant ships salute each other by dipping the flag.商船互相点旗致敬。
• The Japanese women salute the people with formal bows in welcome.这些日本妇女以正式的鞠躬向人们施礼以示欢迎。

6 chancellor   

n.(英)大臣；法官；(德、奥)总理；大学校长

参考例句：

• They submitted their reports to the Chancellor yesterday.他们昨天向财政大臣递交了报告。
• He was regarded as the most successful Chancellor of modern times.他被认为是现代最成功的财政大臣。

7 treasury   

n.宝库；国库，金库；文库

参考例句：

• The Treasury was opposed in principle to the proposals.财政部原则上反对这些提案。
• This book is a treasury of useful information.这本书是有价值的信息宝库。

8 artillery   

n.(军)火炮，大炮；炮兵(部队)

参考例句：

• This is a heavy artillery piece.这是一门重炮。
• The artillery has more firepower than the infantry.炮兵火力比步兵大。