美国学生历史 第128期:新党派与新政策(4)

 　　289. Misfortunes of Adams's Administration. 289．亚当斯中央政府的不幸

　　Adams's first mistake was the appointment of Clay as Secretary of State. 亚当斯的第一个错误是任命克雷为国务卿，

　　It was a mistake, because it gave the Jackson men a chance to assert that there had been a "deal" between Adams and Clay. 说这是一个错误是因为这给了杰克森一个机会，让杰克森声称亚当斯与克雷之间早就有一个"交易"，

　　They called Clay the "Judas of the West." 他们把克雷叫做"西部人的犹大"，

　　They said that the "will of the people" had been defeated by a "corrupt¹ bargain." 他们说"人民的意愿"已经被"肮脏的交易"所挫败。

　　These charges were repeated over and over again until many people really began to think that there must be some reason for them. 这些指责被一遍又一遍地重复，一直到许多人真正开始想到必定有什么理由才产生这些指责。

　　The Jackson men also most unjustly accused Adams of stealing the nation's money. 杰克森的人还极不公正地指责亚当斯窃取国家的钱。

　　The British government seized the opportunity of Adams's weak administration to close the West India ports to American shipping². 英国政府乘机抓住亚当斯管理的薄弱之处，不再允许美国商船进入西印度群岛的港口。

　　290. Early Tariffs⁴. 290．早期的关税

　　Ever since 1789 manufactures had been protected. 自从1789年以来，美国就在保护制造业，

　　The first tariff³ rates were very low.  最初的关税税率很低，

　　But the Embargo⁵ Act, the non-intercourse law, and the War of 1812 put an end to the importation of foreign goods. 但《封港令法案》、禁止与英法贸易交流的法律以及1812年的战争中止了外国货物的进口。

　　Capitalists invested large amounts of money in cotton mills, woolen⁶ mills, and iron mills. 资本家将大量的钱投资到棉花作坊、羊毛作坊和铁作坊。

　　With the return of peace in 1815, British merchants flooded the American markets with cheap goods. 随着1815年和平的到来，英国商人带着廉价品如潮水一样涌进美国的市场。

　　The manufacturers appealed to Congress for more protection, and Congress promptly⁷ passed a new tariff act (1816). 制造业者要求国会给予更多的保护，国会马上通过新的海关法案，

　　This increased the duties over the earlier laws. 这个法案越出之前的法律提高关税，

　　But it did not give the manufacturers all the protection that they desired. 但是，它并没有给予制造业者所要求的所有保护。

　　In 1824 another law was drawn⁸ up. 1824年国会起草了另一部法律，

　　It raised the duties still higher. 将关税提得更高。

　　The Southerners opposed the passage of this last law. 南方各州的人反对通过这部法律，

　　For they clearly saw that protection did them no good. 因为他们显然已经看到这种保护对他们没有什么好处，

　　But the Northerners and the Westerners were heartily⁹ in favor of the increased duties, and the law was passed. 但是，北方各州及西部各州的人衷心支持提高关税，这部法律得以通过。

1 corrupt   

v.贿赂，收买；adj.腐败的，贪污的

参考例句：

• The newspaper alleged the mayor's corrupt practices.那家报纸断言市长有舞弊行为。
• This judge is corrupt.这个法官贪污。

2 shipping   

n.船运（发货，运输，乘船）

参考例句：

• We struck a bargain with an American shipping firm.我们和一家美国船运公司谈成了一笔生意。
• There's a shipping charge of ￡5 added to the price.价格之外另加五英镑运输费。

3 tariff   

n.关税，税率；(旅馆、饭店等)价目表，收费表

参考例句：

• There is a very high tariff on jewelry.宝石类的关税率很高。
• The government is going to lower the tariff on importing cars.政府打算降低进口汽车的关税。

4 tariffs   

关税制度； 关税( tariff的名词复数 )； 关税表； （旅馆或饭店等的）收费表； 量刑标准

参考例句：

• British industry was sheltered from foreign competition by protective tariffs. 保护性关税使英国工业免受国际竞争影响。
• The new tariffs have put a stranglehold on trade. 新的关税制对开展贸易极为不利。

5 embargo   

n.禁运（令）；vt.对...实行禁运，禁止（通商）

参考例句：

• This country put an oil embargo on an enemy country.该国对敌国实行石油禁运。
• During the war,they laid an embargo on commerce with enemy countries.在战争期间，他们禁止与敌国通商。

6 woolen   

adj.羊毛(制)的；毛纺的

参考例句：

• She likes to wear woolen socks in winter.冬天她喜欢穿羊毛袜。
• There is one bar of woolen blanket on that bed.那张床上有一条毛毯。

7 promptly   

adv.及时地，敏捷地

参考例句：

• He paid the money back promptly.他立即还了钱。
• She promptly seized the opportunity his absence gave her.她立即抓住了因他不在场给她创造的机会。

8 drawn   

v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的

参考例句：

• All the characters in the story are drawn from life.故事中的所有人物都取材于生活。
• Her gaze was drawn irresistibly to the scene outside.她的目光禁不住被外面的风景所吸引。

9 heartily   

adv.衷心地，诚恳地，十分，很

参考例句：

• He ate heartily and went out to look for his horse.他痛快地吃了一顿，就出去找他的马。
• The host seized my hand and shook it heartily.主人抓住我的手，热情地和我握手。