PBS高端访谈:限时演讲中最重要的事

JUDY WOODRUFF: Next: another installment¹ of our weekly series Brief But Spectacular.

Tonight, Chris Anderson, the owner of TED² and TED Talks, the nonprofit media organization which posts talks online for free.

CHRIS ANDERSON, Entrepreneur: The process of one human speaking to others is has deeply biological roots.

We have evolved these techniques over hundreds of thousands of years, perhaps gathered around campfires, of looking at someone, seeing every microexpression, hearing the tone of their voice, and being able to judge, is this person genuine, or are they bull me?

The single most important thing to do if you have to give an important talk in a limited period of time, is get rid of 90 percent of what you think you want to talk about.

Pick the one thing that is most important to you, and make it the through-line of your talk.

Some people memorize their talk, every word.

And there's a trap in doing that, because if you sound like you're reciting, that takes away the authenticity³, actually.

The difference between an actor acting⁴ and an actor really owning the character, you really have to know a talk so well that it's in you, and you can focus in on why it matters and what it means, the meaning that you want to communicate to that person, and to that person, and to that person.

A lifetime of work, condensed over a few hundred hours of prep into 12, 13, 14, 18 minutes, a key question to ask before you give a talk is, why are you doing this?

Many speakers come thinking, this is my opportunity.

I have got this agenda I want to promote these people.

The audience sees through that in a moment.

Think that you're bringing a gift, and focus the whole talk on that.

Every story you tell is in service of that idea, of that gift.

The first time I went to TED, 1998, I had no idea what I was coming into.

Why am I listening to an architect, followed by a software guy?

Made no sense to me at all.

But, by day three, dots started to connect.

You can actually learn from someone outside your field.

You can learn context.

In your mind, five things come together, and can explode in a way that actually wouldn't happen in anyone else's mind, because this is how ideas are born.

There is a moment where you have to emerge from your trench⁵, come up above 10,000 feet, look at the amazing pattern that is out there of how things connect. Context matters.

You can't really understand something deeply without knowing how it connects to something else, which means that persuading experts in a field to share their knowledge accessibly with the rest of us, that's a huge gift to all of us.

My name is Chris Anderson, and this is my Brief But Spectacular take on the power of ideas.

JUDY WOODRUFF: And you can watch additional Brief But Spectacular episodes on our Web site, PBS.org/NewsHour/Brief.

朱蒂·伍德瑞夫：接下来是我们的每周系列节目《简短却又精彩》。

今晚做客节目的是非盈利媒体组织TED和TED Talks掌门人，克里斯·安德森，TED和TED Talks为人们免费提供在线演讲资源。

克里斯·安德森，企业家：一个人成为演讲者的过程有着深刻的生物根源。

这些技术，人类已经发展了数十万年，也许聚在营火周围，看着某人，看着每一个微表情，听着他们的声音语调，就能够判断，这个人是坦诚的，还是在吓唬我？

如果你必须在有限时间内完成一段重要讲话，那么最重要的一件事情就是， 把90%你想谈的内容统统忘掉。

选择一件对你来说最重要的事情，作为你演讲的主线，贯穿始终。

有些人会将他们的演讲内容逐字背下。

而这样做存在问题，因为如果观众听到你犹如背诵般的声音，那么你演讲的真实性就大打折扣了，真的。

这是演员饰演角色与投身角色之间的区别，你必须真正很好地了解你的演讲内容，那么这个演讲就在你身体上流动，并且你就可以把注意力集中在它为什么重要，以及它意味着什么上，而这个意义你想要传达给那个人、那个人和那个人。

毕生的工作，凝缩成上百个小时的准备，最终在12，13，14，18分钟内加以呈现，在你演讲开始之前，有一个关键问题就是，你为什么来这里演讲？很多人想，这是我的机会。

我要抓住这个机会，推动这些人做事。

观众一眼就能看穿。

把演讲视为你带来的礼物，把整个演讲集中在这上面。

你讲述的每一个故事都是在为这一理念，也就是这一礼物服务。

1998年，我第一次来到TED，当时我不知道迎接自己的将是什么。

为什么我要听一个建筑师说话，他说完了，还有个搞软件的家伙接着说？

这对我来说毫无意义。

但是，到了第三天，这些点开始连成线。

你可以从你所在领域之外的人那里学到东西。

你可以学习背景知识。

在你脑中，五件事情交汇在一起，并且可以一种实际上不会发生在任何其他人头脑中的方式爆炸，因为这就是思想诞生的方式。

在这里会有一个时刻，你必须从你的窠臼中走出来，站在10,000英尺高的地方，看那些事物如何以奇妙的方式相联系。

背景知识至关重要。

如果你不知道一件事物与其他事物如何联系，你就无法真正理解一些东西，这意味着说服一个领域的专家与其他人分享他们的知识，对我们所有人来说都是一件巨大的礼物。

我是克里斯·安德森，这是我的《简短却又精彩》，关于思想的力量。

朱蒂·伍德瑞夫：您可以在我们的网站PBS.org/NewsHour/Brief上观看更多《简短却又精彩》节目。

1 installment   

n.(instalment)分期付款；(连载的)一期

参考例句：

• I shall soon pay the last installment of my debt.不久我将偿付我的最后一期债款。
• He likes to buy things on the installment plan.他喜欢用分期付款法购买货物。

2 ted   

vt.翻晒，撒，撒开

参考例句：

• The invaders gut ted the village.侵略者把村中财物洗劫一空。
• She often teds the corn when it's sunny.天好的时候她就翻晒玉米。

3 authenticity   

n.真实性

参考例句：

• There has been some debate over the authenticity of his will. 对于他的遗嘱的真实性一直有争论。
• The museum is seeking an expert opinion on the authenticity of the painting. 博物馆在请专家鉴定那幅画的真伪。

4 acting   

n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的

参考例句：

• Ignore her,she's just acting.别理她，她只是假装的。
• During the seventies,her acting career was in eclipse.在七十年代，她的表演生涯黯然失色。

5 trench   

n./v.(挖)沟，(挖)战壕

参考例句：

• The soldiers recaptured their trench.兵士夺回了战壕。
• The troops received orders to trench the outpost.部队接到命令在前哨周围筑壕加强防卫。