PBS高端访谈:只有真正关心时才会袒露心声

JUDY WOODRUFF: Now: another of our Brief But Spectacular episodes, where we ask people about their passions. Jay Allison is a veteran award-winning independent journalist who produces The Moth¹ Radio Hour and is the founder² of the public media Web site Transom.org. Tonight, we get his thoughts on how he goes about finding stories for radio and the importance of paying attention.

JAY ALLISON, Radio Producer: Radio isn't a performance medium in the usual sense, where you, or even like TV, where several people might be watching. Generally, it's maybe one person with headphones in, or a person in the kitchen. And if you can make that person stop what they're doing, and stay stopped until you finish the story, then that is our definition of success. When I began in radio, I only talked to people who'd never been interviewed before. The thing about talking to strangers is, you are probably never going to see each other again. If you go and talk to people with a camera, like you're doing, or with a microphone, and focus fully³, it as though things come out of lockboxes, and people start revealing things because they can feel that you really care and that you're really paying attention. The conversation that you're having has to be a real one, because, once they start to feel like, oh, this is an interview, then they kind of present themselves in an interviewee way. The amazing thing is when that gets stripped away, and you just see a person whose soul is coming out, or you hear that person. You can hear it in their voices, and you know this a person who's speaking in an unmonitored way. They aren't really caring that it's being recorded, because it's, they feel, like, the necessity of speaking. I work with a microphone and a rig. I disrespect the equipment.

I tap my own face with a microphone, because it's a, sort of a powerful symbolic⁴ thing to hold like a stick in your hand and then put it in somebody else's face. So you have to neutralize⁵ that. And you have to make it seem like, ah, this is nothing. I'm a believer in the stories of human beings. It's when we fully understand somebody else that we thought we didn't like, that we thought we were afraid of, that we didn't care about, and we hear their story, and we recognize, oh, wait, they're just like me, or maybe they're not just like me, but at least I feel them, then suddenly you fundamentally change. It's as though, when you go out in the world and you encounter actual life, and you collect it, almost like a biologist where they're collecting it, and then you bring it back and you study it, and then you figure out how to present it, how to honor it. And that work of telling the story of the things you find out, I never get tired of it. My name is Jay Allison. That was my Brief But Spectacular take on finding stories.

JUDY WOODRUFF: And we don't get tired of it either. You can find additional Brief But Spectacular episodes on our Web site, PBS.org/NewsHour/Brief.

朱迪·伍德拉夫：欢迎收看新一期的《简短而精彩》，这是一档有关激情与热爱的节目。杰伊·艾利森是一名身经百战的独立记者，曾获奖无数。他出品了《飞蛾广播时间》，还创办了大众传媒网站Transom.org今晚，我们将走进他，看看他是怎样发现可以在收音机上广而流传的故事以及这种故事得到大众关注的重要性的。

杰伊·艾利森，收音机节目出品人：收音机并不是一般意义上的表演类媒介，并不是像电视那种可以让大家观看的没看。基本上是一个人戴着耳机，或者一个人在厨房里听的节目。如果你的节目能让那个在厨房忙活的人停下倾听，并被你的节目所深深吸引，直到听完为止，那么这就是你的成功。我刚开始做收音机类节目的时候，我只会采访那些从未被采访过的人。通过收音机跟魔神人对话的特别之处在于：你们可能一辈子也见不到彼此。如果你带着摄像机去跟某人对话，就像现在这样，或者带个麦克风，并全神贯注地请听，就好像一切都是从加密箱里出来一样，那么人们就会开始展示出一些不为人所见的东西，因为他们能感觉到你是真的在意，你真的有在关注。你们之间的对话必须是真实的，因为一旦他们感觉这是一次采访，那么就会以受访者的身份来展现自己了。令人惊奇的是，一旦脱掉了受访者的外壳，你就能看到一个鲜活的灵魂，听到那个人的声音。你可以通过一个人说的话听到这个人的灵魂，你知道这个人在毫无顾忌地表达自己。他们并不在意你记录了什么，因为他们觉得这是聊天的本质。麦克风等装备是我的工作伙伴，但我对它们并不尊重。

我总是带着麦克风，因为麦克风有强大的象征意义，他可以握在我的手中，然后交给其他人去表达。所以，这些设备有中立的含义。但你必须让受访者觉得这没什么的。我相信与人性有关的故事。我们会充分理解某个人，这个人可能是我们曾经以为自己不喜欢的人，可能是我们曾经害怕的人，可能是我们曾经漠不关心的人，但当我们听到他们的故事的时候，我们会意识到，天啊，让我缓一下，他们竟然跟我的经历如此相似，或许还会觉得他们的经历怎么跟我如此不同。但至少我能感受到他们的情感，然后突然之间自己也发生彻底的改变。就好像我们出去闯世界的时候，会感受到真实的生活，可以听到很多故事，就像生物学家收集样本一样。然后把样本带回去细细研究，然后就知道该以怎样的方式展现，以怎样的方式表达尊重。而发现故事以及讲述故事这件事，我是永远不会厌烦的。我是杰伊·艾利森。这是我本期有关发现故事的《简短而精彩》。

朱迪·伍德拉夫：我们也听不厌您的故事。想要了解更多的《简短而精彩》，可以登录我们的官网PBS.org/NewsHour/Brief。

1 moth   

n.蛾，蛀虫

参考例句：

• A moth was fluttering round the lamp.有一只蛾子扑打着翅膀绕着灯飞。
• The sweater is moth-eaten.毛衣让蛀虫咬坏了。

2 Founder   

n.创始者，缔造者

参考例句：

• He was extolled as the founder of their Florentine school.他被称颂为佛罗伦萨画派的鼻祖。
• According to the old tradition,Romulus was the founder of Rome.按照古老的传说，罗穆卢斯是古罗马的建国者。

3 fully   

adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地

参考例句：

• The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气，然后全部呼出。
• They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。

4 symbolic   

adj.象征性的，符号的，象征主义的

参考例句：

• It is symbolic of the fighting spirit of modern womanhood.它象征着现代妇女的战斗精神。
• The Christian ceremony of baptism is a symbolic act.基督教的洗礼仪式是一种象征性的做法。

5 neutralize   

v.使失效、抵消，使中和

参考例句：

• Nothing could neutralize its good effects.没有什么能抵消它所产生的好影响。
• Acids neutralize alkalis and vice versa.酸能使碱中和碱，亦能使酸中和。