PBS高端访谈:STEM学科的多样性和包容性

JUDY WOODRUFF: Astrophysicist Dr. Jedidah Isler has been focusing her studies on blazars. These are super-massive black holes in space. In tonight's Brief But Spectacular episode, she emphasizes diversity and inclusion in science, technology, engineering and math, or STEM.

朱迪·伍德拉夫：天体物理学家吉达·伊斯勒博士一直潜心研究耀变体。耀变体是宇宙中特大质量的黑洞。今晚的《简短而精彩》中，吉达·伊斯勒将着重介绍自然科学、技术、工程和数学（STEM科目）的多样性和包容性。

DR. JEDIDAH ISLER, Astrophysicist: I love space, period. Hands down, I think the night sky is one of the most beautiful things in the universe. Learning about space was sort of the thing that I did when I was a kid. And then I found black holes, and life was different. That's now my area of expertise¹. I study black holes. I study super-massive black holes, the ones that are, like, millions to billions of times the mass of our own sun. And they are marvelous. They have a way of forming very, very fast-moving jets very near them. And I think that the way the universe is able to be a particle accelerator, I think that's really amazing. When I say to people, I'm an astrophysicist, I can tell the extent to which they're surprised by that by their response to me. You're an astrophysicist? When I was sort of earlier coming up, I felt uncomfortable about that. Like, I felt like I should apologize that I do astrophysics. But now it's something that I sort of like to stand into. Yes, yes, let's feel what it feels like to talk to a black woman astrophysicist. It's awesome². I was probably 8 or 9 when I started realizing that I loved the sky. I was 12 when I found out that you could do something called astrophysics.

吉达·伊斯勒博士，天体物理学家：我热爱宇宙。说实话，在我眼中，夜空是宇宙里最美的事物之一。我还小的时候就开始研究宇宙了。后来，在我发现黑洞之后，我的生活就开始不一样了。这是我的专业领域——研究黑洞。而且是特大质量的黑洞，质量是太阳的数百万乃至数十亿倍。我发现，这类黑洞很奇特——他们自有办法，可以让移速超快的射流靠近它们。从这个角度来看，宇宙就像是一个粒子加速器，这一点让我颇感震撼。每当我跟他人说到我是一名天体物理学家的时候，我从他们的反应就可以看出他们有多惊讶——你是天体物理学家？一开始的时候，我感觉挺不舒服的。就好像我应该为自己的职业感到抱歉一样。但是我现在反而很喜欢这种感觉了。没错，我就是一名女性天体物理学家，而且我是黑人，感受一下。这感觉其实很棒。我大概八九岁的时候就意识到自己喜欢天空了。我12岁的时候知道有一类工作叫天体物理学。

DR. JEDIDAH ISLER, Astrophysicist: And I marched all along just knowing I wanted to do it, and had support from my family and my friends. And it wasn't until I got later on in my career, high school, college, graduate school, where it became obvious to me that there weren't very many people who looked like me, that is, a black woman, interested in astrophysics that I knew. But when I graduated from Yale with my Ph.D. in astrophysics, studying these blazars, which you all should study, when I did that, I unwittingly became the first black woman to do so. There are so many barriers that still remain in the way of students' access and achievement. And, for me, I pushed through. I let my passion lead and I said, I'm going do astrophysics, no matter what. But I want to make sure that the next person doesn't have to make that same choice, that any person from any background, whether marginalized or not, can say, I love astrophysics and I want to do this thing. My main intervention³ right now is an online Web series called VanguardSTEM. The idea is that going through this experience, being a black woman in astrophysics, is unique. And so there are different challenges, there are different goals, all kinds of wins and losses that I go through just being in this body doing this work. And I want to make sure that we're having conversation around that. I want to make sure that the support and culture and community is there to support one another, because, often, we're one or a few in every, in any individual location. But we are actually pretty numerous across the country and across the world. So, the goal of VanguardSTEM is to bring women of color in particular together once a month, have conversations about mental health, about being free, about being healthy, as they're pursuing their STEM interests and identities. My name is Dr. Jedidah Isler, and this is my Brief But Spectacular take on astrophysics and inclusion in STEM.

吉达·伊斯勒博士，天体物理学家：很久之后，我才发现我想做一名天体物理学家，并且我也得到了亲朋好友的支持。我从高中到大学到研究生再到我步入这行，我才明白像我这样的人——黑人女性——很少有对天体物理学感兴趣的。我从耶鲁大学的天体物理学专业博士毕业。在耶鲁大学期间，我研究的是耀变体，我觉得耀变体是大家都应该研究一下的领域，你们不会失望的。毕业后，我不知不觉的地就成了第一个研究天体物理学的黑人女性。对于学生来说，想要步入这行甚至取得成就都要面临很多的阻碍。这些阻碍，我都跨越了——我的热情引领着我，我对自己说：无论如何，我都要研究天体物理学。但我希望能尽绵薄之力让下一个像我这样的女性能不必如此为难，能让她们可以无视出身，无视是否受到排挤，都可以大声说出“我爱天体物理学，我想研究天体物理学。”目前，我主要的一个介入方式就是一个在线的系列项目VanguardSTEM。我的初衷是：通过体验这个项目，能让热爱天体物理学的黑人女性感到自己的独特之处。我们要面临很多的挑战，设定很多的目标，在得失与利弊之间，我只求此生能专心致力于天体物理学的工作。我也想确保大家能就黑人女性参与天体物理学的话题进行讨论。同时，我也想确保社群和文化能够彼此支持，因为就算在某个地方形单影只，在全国乃至全球范围内，你都不是一个人。VanguardSTEM的目标就是让有色人种的女性能够每月聚集一次，讨论心理健康、精神解放、身体健康的话题，同时追求她们在自然科学、技术、工程和数学的爱好，并找到自己的位置。我是吉达·伊斯勒，这就是我本期带来的与天体物理学和STEM科目包容性的《简短而精彩》。

JUDY WOODRUFF: And you can find additional Brief But Spectacular episodes on our Web site. That's PBS.org/NewsHour/Brief.

朱迪·伍德拉夫：想要观看更多的《简短而精彩》，可以登录我们的官网PBS.org/NewsHour/Brief。

1 expertise   

n.专门知识(或技能等)，专长

参考例句：

• We were amazed at his expertise on the ski slopes.他斜坡滑雪的技能使我们赞叹不已。
• You really have the technical expertise in a new breakthrough.让你真正在专业技术上有一个全新的突破。

2 awesome   

adj.令人惊叹的，难得吓人的，很好的

参考例句：

• The church in Ireland has always exercised an awesome power.爱尔兰的教堂一直掌握着令人敬畏的权力。
• That new white convertible is totally awesome.那辆新的白色折篷汽车简直棒极了.

3 intervention   

n.介入，干涉，干预

参考例句：

• The government's intervention in this dispute will not help.政府对这场争论的干预不会起作用。
• Many people felt he would be hostile to the idea of foreign intervention.许多人觉得他会反对外来干预。