时差N小时 箱子底部的玉米薄片为什么不会被压碎(下)

The friction¹ between the flakes² is the same force that causes sand to form a pile rather than spread out like a puddle³. In fact, this same principle applies to all granular materials. If you cut the corner out of a bag of flour only a small amount will come out. If the bag contained water, which has low friction, all of it would run out. Incidentally, there are broken flakes and cereal “dust” in boxes, but this is the result of shaking during shipping⁴ and handling, not simply the weight of the upper flakes on the lower ones. The effect of friction is very important in the cereal manufacturing process, which involves huge vats⁵ of flakes. Even in those vats the friction-induced weight distribution keeps the bottom flakes from being turned to dust, and allows whole flakes to tumble into our breakfast bowls.

薄片之间的摩擦力和使沙形成堆，而不是分散开形成水坑形状是一样的力量。事实上，这一原则同样适用于所有颗粒状物料。如果你砍了一袋面粉的一角球，只有少量面粉会流出来。如果用包装水，那样摩擦力很小，水都会流尽。顺便说一下，盒子里会有破损的薄片和谷物 “粉末”，但是这是在运输和装卸过程中摇晃的结果，而不是单纯的上部薄片压挤下面薄片的结果。摩擦的作用在薄皮生产过程中是非常重要的，它涉及到装薄皮的巨桶。即使在这些大桶中的摩擦引起的重量分布会避免使底部的薄皮变成粉末，使薄皮整片倒进我们的早餐碗中而不碎。

1 friction   

n.摩擦，摩擦力

参考例句：

• When Joan returned to work,the friction between them increased.琼回来工作后，他们之间的摩擦加剧了。
• Friction acts on moving bodies and brings them to a stop.摩擦力作用于运动着的物体，并使其停止。

2 flakes   

小薄片( flake的名词复数 )； （尤指）碎片； 雪花； 古怪的人

参考例句：

• It's snowing in great flakes. 天下着鹅毛大雪。
• It is snowing in great flakes. 正值大雪纷飞。

3 puddle   

n.(雨)水坑，泥潭

参考例句：

• The boy hopped the mud puddle and ran down the walk.这个男孩跳过泥坑，沿着人行道跑了。
• She tripped over and landed in a puddle.她绊了一下，跌在水坑里。

4 shipping   

n.船运（发货，运输，乘船）

参考例句：

• We struck a bargain with an American shipping firm.我们和一家美国船运公司谈成了一笔生意。
• There's a shipping charge of ￡5 added to the price.价格之外另加五英镑运输费。

5 vats   

varieties 变化，多样性，种类

参考例句：

• Fixed rare issue with getting stuck in VATS mode. 修正了极少出现的VATS模式卡住的问题。
• Objective To summarize the experience of VATS clinic application. 目的总结电视胸腔镜手术(vats)胸外科疾病治疗中的临床应用经验。