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环球英语 — 286:Reacting to Disease

时间:2011-09-13 08:37来源:互联网 提供网友:fei   字体: [ ]
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    (单词翻译:双击或拖选)

  Voice 1
Thank you for joining us for Spotlight1. I’m Liz Waid.
Voice 2
And I’m Joshua Leo. Spotlight uses a special English method of broadcasting. It is easier for people to understand, no matter where in the world they live.
Voice 1
Imagine that you are sitting at home with your family. You are happily enjoying a meal together. Everything is perfect. Then, suddenly, there is an urgent2 news report on the television or on the radio. A deadly virus is quickly spreading through your community. The hospitals are filled with people suffering from common signs of the sickness: diarrhoea, fever, and vomiting3. Many people have already died.
Voice 2
The news report goes on. It explains that the virus has spread beyond your community. It is affecting communities all over your country. Government officials are even afraid that it is spreading all over the world. Airports are forced to close. Airplanes are grounded. Nobody can enter or leave the country.
Voice 1
You look around at your family. They all seem healthy. But what are you going to do to keep them safe? How will you keep them healthy?
Voice 2
What would people do if they really were in this situation? How would they react to a quickly spreading virus? These are the questions that researchers wanted to answer.
Voice 1
Studying how people react to disease5 is difficult. Researchers cannot present a deadly virus into a real population of people. They cannot purposely make people sick, just to study them. That would be wrong. So, researchers have started using computer worlds to see how people would react.
Voice 2
To find out how people would react to disease, these researchers created a “virtual6 virus.” This virus became part of a popular Internet computer game called World of Warcraft. This game creates a new world, on the computer. People from all over the world play in this world. Many people play this virtual computer game. But, the people playing the game had never faced a deadly virus before. The virus could make a person’s player in the game sick.
Voice 1
In the game the virus had the name “corrupted7 blood.” The corrupted blood disease spread quickly. As the virus spread, it caused many interesting problems for the people playing the game. Many of the players died. But, before dying4, these players reacted in many different ways. Researchers believe that the players’ reactions provide answers. These answers can show us how people may react in real life to a spreading virus.
Voice 2
So, how did the people playing the game react? Well, many players took measures to try to control the spread of the disease. They tried to keep the sick people separate from the healthy people.
Voice 1
Some players acted selflessly. They quickly aided other players who were sick. They helped others even though it meant they risked infection themselves.
Voice 2
Other players fled infected cities. They tried to save their own lives.
Voice 1
And some of the sick players tried to make other players sick, on purpose!
Voice 2
One researcher said this about the players of the game World of Warcraft:
Voice 3
“The players seemed to really feel they were at risk. And they took the danger of infection seriously, even though it was only a game.”
Voice 1
But the spread of disease is a serious matter. It is not just a game. In fact, in August of 2007, the World Health Organization put out a report. The report warned that infectious8 diseases9 are spreading faster than ever before. Scientists are discovering new diseases at an average rate of one each year. This is faster than at any other time in history. Since 1970, thirty-nine [39] new diseases have developed.
Voice 2
The World Health Organization believes that travelling is important to the spread of disease. There are just over two billion [2,000,000,000] people who travel each year. This makes it easy for diseases to spread across oceans in just hours, affecting more people. This is one reason why diseases like cholera10, polio, the bird flu, and AIDS are such a threat to our world.
Voice 1
Researchers believe that understanding how people react to disease is important. They believe that human behaviour has an effect on the spread of disease. That is why they used the virtual game World of Warcraft. They think that using virtual worlds is one way to study real life human behaviour.
Voice 2
It can be difficult to stop the spread of disease. That is because there are many different ways that diseases spread. Diseases can pass from person to person, from animal to person, and from mother to unborn child. Some diseases can pass through the air from one person to another person. Other diseases can come from food that was not prepared well. Some diseases pass through body fluids11. As you have heard, there are many ways that diseases spread.
Voice 1
But, the ways that humans react can help slow or even stop the spread of disease. The Mayo Clinic is a trusted resource for good health information. The Mayo Clinic’s website suggests the following ideas to help stop the spread of disease.
Voice 2
Wash your hands. This is especially important before and after preparing food, before eating, and after using the toilet. You may have heard some recent Spotlight programs about the correct way to wash your hands.
Voice 1
Get vaccinated12. Vaccinations13 can reduce the risk of getting many diseases. These drugs have protected many people.
Voice 2
Use antibiotic14 medicine correctly. Antibiotics15 kill bacteria. But they only work when used correctly. Use them exactly as your doctor describes, even if you begin to feel better.
Voice 1
Stay at home if you have signs of an infection or feel sick. Do not go to work or school if you are vomiting, have diarrhoea, or have a fever.
Voice 2
Prepare food well. Keep table surfaces clean when preparing food. Store food in a cold place. Do not let food sit at room temperature because it will go bad.
Voice 1
Clean the rooms in your home that have a lot of bacteria. These rooms include the kitchen and the bathroom.
Voice 2
Always have safe sex. Be faithful16 to one person, or partner. If you cannot be faithful to one person, always use a condom. If you think that your partner is not faithful, be sure to use a condom. These rubber protective17 devices18 can protect you.
Voice 1
Do not share personal things. Use your own toothbrush and comb. Do not drink from another person’s drinking glass.
Voice 2
By following these ideas you can help keep yourself free from disease. You can also help keep the spread of disease low. Hopefully, the “corrupted blood disease” will remain just a computer game disease.
 


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 spotlight 6hBzmk     
n.公众注意的中心,聚光灯,探照灯,视听,注意,醒目
参考例句:
  • This week the spotlight is on the world of fashion.本周引人瞩目的是时装界。
  • The spotlight followed her round the stage.聚光灯的光圈随着她在舞台上转。
2 urgent fjSwT     
a.紧急的,急迫的,紧要的
参考例句:
  • He asked to see the manager for something urgent. 他有急事求见经理。
  • A part of this urgent task was allotted to us. 这项紧急任务的一部分分给了我们。
3 vomiting 7ed7266d85c55ba00ffa41473cf6744f     
参考例句:
  • Symptoms include diarrhoea and vomiting. 症状有腹泻和呕吐。
  • Especially when I feel seasick, I can't stand watching someone else vomiting." 尤其晕船的时候,看不得人家呕。”
4 dying 1rGx0     
adj.垂死的,临终的
参考例句:
  • He was put in charge of the group by the dying leader.他被临终的领导人任命为集团负责人。
  • She was shown into a small room,where there was a dying man.她被领进了一间小屋子,那里有一个垂死的人。
5 disease etMxx     
n.疾病,弊端
参考例句:
  • The doctors are trying to stamp out the disease.医生正在尽力消灭这种疾病。
  • He fought against the disease for a long time.他同疾病做了长时间的斗争。
6 virtual yhfwi     
adj.实质上的,事实上的,实际上的
参考例句:
  • This reply is a virtual acceptance of our offer.这一回答实质上是接受了我们的建议。
  • At that time the East India Company was the virtual ruler of Bengal.那时东印度公司是孟加拉的实际统治者。
7 corrupted 88ed91fad91b8b69b62ce17ae542ff45     
(使)败坏( corrupt的过去式和过去分词 ); (使)腐化; 引起(计算机文件等的)错误; 破坏
参考例句:
  • The body corrupted quite quickly. 尸体很快腐烂了。
  • The text was corrupted by careless copyists. 原文因抄写员粗心而有讹误。
8 infectious I7jx1     
adj.传染的,有传染性的,有感染力的
参考例句:
  • Influenza is an infectious disease.流感是一种传染病。
  • What an infectious laugh she has!她的笑声多么具有感染力啊!
9 diseases 5c749da591474dd5c2c7f1d77b874f5d     
n.疾病( disease的名词复数 );弊端;恶疾;痼疾
参考例句:
  • Smoking is a causative factor in several major diseases. 抽烟是引起几种严重疾病的病因。
  • The illness frequently coexists with other chronic diseases. 这种病往往与其他慢性病同时存在。
10 cholera rbXyf     
n.霍乱
参考例句:
  • The cholera outbreak has been contained.霍乱的发生已被控制住了。
  • Cholera spread like wildfire through the camps.霍乱在营地里迅速传播。
11 fluids 63f476e79da1420a1143c4a30d61373d     
n.液体,流体( fluid的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • He is taking cold fluids. 他正在喝冷饮。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • You can contract Aids if your bodily fluids come into contact with the bodily fluids of someone else who is infected with HIV. 如果你的体液与染有HIV者的体液接触,你就会染上艾滋病。 来自《简明英汉词典》
12 vaccinated 8f16717462e6e6db3389d0f736409983     
[医]已接种的,种痘的,接种过疫菌的
参考例句:
  • I was vaccinated against tetanus. 我接种了破伤风疫苗。
  • Were you vaccinated against smallpox as a child? 你小时候打过天花疫苗吗?
13 vaccinations ed61d339e2970fa63aee4b5ce757cc44     
n.种痘,接种( vaccination的名词复数 );牛痘疤
参考例句:
  • Vaccinations ensure one against diseases. 接种疫苗可以预防疾病。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • I read some publicity about vaccinations while waiting my turn at the doctor's. 在医生那儿候诊时,我读了一些关于接种疫苗的宣传。 来自《简明英汉词典》
14 antibiotic KNJzd     
adj.抗菌的;n.抗生素
参考例句:
  • The doctor said that I should take some antibiotic.医生说我应该服些用抗生素。
  • Antibiotic can be used against infection.抗菌素可以用来防止感染。
15 antibiotics LzgzQT     
n.(用作复数)抗生素;(用作单数)抗生物质的研究;抗生素,抗菌素( antibiotic的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • the discovery of antibiotics in the 20th century 20世纪抗生素的发现
  • The doctor gave me a prescription for antibiotics. 医生给我开了抗生素。
16 faithful Wlvx5     
adj.守信的,忠实的,如实的,可靠的
参考例句:
  • They promised to be faithful to their ideal for ever.他们保证永远忠于自己的理想。
  • We must be honest and faithful to the people.我们对人民必须忠诚老实。
17 protective qRWxE     
adj.防护的,保护的
参考例句:
  • A mother naturally feels protective towards her children.做母亲的天生要保护自己的孩子。
  • We feel safe with a protective device in the house.我们因为家里有了防护装置而感到安全。
18 devices e0212e54ec3a2a120ca0d321b3a60c78     
n.设备;装置( device的名词复数 );花招;(为实现某种目的的)计划;手段
参考例句:
  • electrical labour-saving devices around the home 节省劳力的各种家用电器
  • modern labour-saving devices such as washing machines and dishwashers 诸如洗衣机和洗碗机之类的现代化省力设备
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