环球英语 — 308：Studying Chimpanzees: Jane Goodall

　　Voice 1
Thank you for joining us for today’s Spotlight¹. I’m Liz Waid.
Voice 2
And I’m Joshua Leo. Spotlight uses a special English method of broadcasting. It is easier for people to understand no matter where in the world they live.
Voice 1
Jane Goodall sits in a tent in the Gombe forest in Tanzania. She sits very still. She is watching. A large male chimpanzee³ comes towards her. This ape⁴ looks like a small, hairy⁵ man. He is making a lot of noise. At first, Jane thinks that he is afraid of her. But as she watches, she begins to understand something. He is not angry! He just wants the fruit she is holding. Every day, she meets the chimpanzees⁶ living around her. And every day, Jane learns more about the chimpanzees.
Voice 2
Around the world, Jane Goodall is famous for her work with chimpanzees, and her work to protect the environment. Today’s Spotlight is on Jane Goodall.
Voice 1
Even as a child, Jane Goodall loved animals. When she was one year old, her father gave her a toy chimpanzee. She named this play animal Jubilee⁷. 65 years later, Jane still has this soft play animal at her home in England.
Voice 2
Jane had a happy life as a child. In 1952, Jane finished high school. Her family did not have enough money to send her to college. She worked at many different jobs. But she was not doing what she loved - working with animals.
Voice 1
In 1956, Jane travelled to Kenya with a friend. Jane visited her friend’s family farm there. She enjoyed exploring the country and learning⁸ about its culture. There, Jane met Dr⁹. Leakey, a famous doctor of anthropology¹⁰ and palaeontology. He studied old cultures and ancient life. He looked at ancient remains¹¹, hidden in the earth. Dr. Leakey gave Jane a job as an assistant. Soon Jane was digging¹² in the African dirt looking for ancient signs of life.
Voice 2
Doctor Leakey had been looking for someone to study chimpanzees. Scientists did not know very much about chimpanzees at this time. But Dr. Leakey believed that chimpanzees could give ideas and information about human life. Doctor Leakey saw that Jane had a lot of energy. She was patient, and loved animals. She was the perfect person to study these animals. He asked her if she wanted to study the chimpanzees. And she agreed to take the job.
Voice 1
In 1960, Jane arrived in the country known¹³ today as Tanzania. The British government controlled the area at that time. The government would not allow a woman to go into the forests alone. So Jane’s mother joined her for the first few months.
Voice 2
Jane lived closely¹⁴ with the chimps¹⁵ in the Gombe forest. At first, the chimps would run away when they saw Jane. But after some time, they let her get closer. She got to know the chimps better. She observed their relationships and behaviour. She even gave the chimps names as she studied them.
Voice 1
In late 1960, Jane observed something very important and interesting. Two chimps took a wooden stick and pulled the leaves off of it. The chimps then put this stick into an insect hill. The chimps used the stick as a tool to collect the insects. This was very surprising to Jane and other researchers. At that time, scientists thought that humans were the only creatures to make tools. But Jane discovered that this was not true. The chimps used tools too! When Doctor Leakey heard of this news, he was very excited.
Voice 2
Following this discovery, the National Geographic¹⁶ Society decided¹⁷ to pay for Jane’s research. They sent a photographer to take pictures of Jane’s life in the forest. Hugo van Lawick, the photographer, and Jane fell in love. They married in 1964. And they had a son a few years later.
Voice 1
Soon, many people all over the world began to learn about Jane Goodall and her research. National Geographic produced magazine articles and television shows about her. People started to understand how important Jane’s research was. But during this time, Jane never had a college degree. She knew that scientists would not accept her research without a degree. So Jane entered Cambridge University. There, she received a degree in ethology, or the study of animal behaviour.
Voice 2
But getting her degree was not easy. Many scientists did not like that Jane gave names to the chimps she studied. They said it was unprofessional. But Jane defended naming them. She said that the chimpanzees had emotions and minds. They were individuals, and different from each other. Today, scientists accept this idea.
Voice 1
After Jane finished her degree, she returned to the Gombe Forest. And she and her husband started a research center there. They wanted to help other people study the chimpanzees. Researchers are still using the centre today. Jane and Hugo divorced¹⁸ in the early seventies. But Jane continued her research there.
Voice 2
While studying at the Gombe Research Center, Jane made another interesting discovery. For many years, scientists thought that chimps only ate plants and fruits. Scientists thought they were very peaceful animals. But Jane’s research found something different.
Voice 1
Jane observed wars between different groups of chimps. For example, in one case, Jane observed that one female¹⁹ chimp² stole baby chimps away from their mothers. This chimp would then eat the babies. But Jane also observed kindness among the chimps. In another case, one male chimp chose to care for a baby chimp who had lost its mother.
Voice 2
Jane published many books about her research. She taught the world about chimps. But then, her work took a new direction. Jane was shocked to learn that the chimpanzees were in danger. People were destroying their forest homes. She knew she had to teach people about what was happening. So Jane decided to leave her research. She wanted to teach people how they could help protect the chimps.
Voice 1
In 1977, Jane started the Jane Goodall Institute. This group has four goals. The first is to protect the places where animals like chimps live. The second is to encourage good relationships between people and the environment. The third goal is to expand research about chimpanzees and other primates²⁰. And finally, the fourth goal is to protect chimps and similar animals living all over the world. This means²¹ caring for the animals in the wild and in zoos.
Voice 2
Today, Jane Goodall travels more than 300 days a year. She teaches people about how they can help the environment. She has won many awards because of her research and environmental²² work. In one of her books Jane writes this question to all people:
Voice 3
“The most important thing I can say to you, is that you as an individual, have a part to play. You can make a difference. You get to choose: do you want to use your life to make the world a better place for humans and animals and the environment? Or not? It’s all up to you.”
 

1 spotlight   

n.公众注意的中心，聚光灯，探照灯，视听，注意，醒目

参考例句：

• This week the spotlight is on the world of fashion.本周引人瞩目的是时装界。
• The spotlight followed her round the stage.聚光灯的光圈随着她在舞台上转。

2 chimp   

n.黑猩猩

参考例句：

• In fact,the color of gorilla and chimp are light-color.其实大猩猩和黑猩猩的肤色是较为浅的。
• The chimp is the champ.猩猩是冠军。

3 chimpanzee   

n.黑猩猩

参考例句：

• A chimpanzee is a sort of monkey.黑猩猩是猿的一种。
• The chimpanzee is thought to be our closest animal relative.黑猩猩被认为和我们血统最相近的动物。

4 ape   

n.猿；类人猿；vt.模仿

参考例句：

• Man has evolved from the ape.人是从类人猿进化而来的。
• We can't ape the Japanese system.我们不能完全仿效日本的体系。

5 hairy   

adj.多毛的，毛状的，长毛的

参考例句：

• The bear's chest is hairy.那只熊的胸部毛茸茸的。
• I can see a hairy monster.我能看见一个多毛妖怪。

6 chimpanzees   

n.黑猩猩( chimpanzee的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Chimpanzees are adept climbers. 黑猩猩是熟练的攀援者。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• A large group of chimpanzees was feeding. 一大群黑猩猩在吃东西。 来自《简明英汉词典》

7 jubilee   

n.周年纪念；欢乐

参考例句：

• They had a big jubilee to celebrate the victory.他们举行盛大的周年纪念活动以祝贺胜利。
• Every Jubilee,to take the opposite case,has served a function.反过来说，历次君主巡幸，都曾起到某种作用。

8 learning   

n.学问，学识，学习；动词learn的现在分词

参考例句：

• When you are learning to ride a bicycle,you often fall off.初学骑自行车时，常会从车上掉下来。
• Learning languages isn't just a matter of remembering words.学习语言不仅仅是记些单词的事。

9 Dr   

n.医生，大夫；博士(缩)（= Doctor）

参考例句：

• Dr.Williams instructs us in botany.威廉博士教我们植物学。
• The ward of the hospital is in the charge of Dr.Green.医院的这间病房由格林医生负责。

10 anthropology   

n.人类学

参考例句：

• I believe he has started reading up anthropology.我相信他已开始深入研究人类学。
• Social anthropology is centrally concerned with the diversity of culture.社会人类学主要关于文化多样性。

11 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

12 digging   

n.挖掘v.挖，掘( dig的现在分词 )；（如用铲、锨或推土机等）挖掘；挖得；寻找

参考例句：

• They were digging up worms to use for bait. 他们正在挖蚯蚓作鱼饵。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The best implement for digging a garden is a spade. 在花园里挖土的最好工具是铁锹。 来自《简明英汉词典》

13 known   

adj.大家知道的；知名的，已知的

参考例句：

• He is a known artist.他是一个知名的艺术家。
• He is known both as a painter and as a statesman.他是知名的画家及政治家。

14 closely   

adv.紧密地；严密地，密切地

参考例句：

• We shall follow closely the development of the situation.我们将密切注意形势的发展。
• The two companies are closely tied up with each other.这两家公司之间有密切联系。

15 chimps   

（非洲）黑猩猩( chimp的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Chimps are too scarce, and too nearly human, to be routinely slaughtered for spare parts. 黑猩猩又太少，也太接近于人类，不可以作为人器官备用件说杀就杀。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 医学的第四次革命
• And as nonprimates, they provoke fewer ethical and safety-related concerns than chimps or baboons. 而且作为非灵长类，就不会产生像用黑猩猩或狒狒那样的伦理和安全方面的顾虑。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 医学的第四次革命

16 geographic   

adj.地理学的，地理的

参考例句：

• The city's success owes much to its geographic position. 这座城市的成功很大程度上归功于它的地理位置。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Environmental problems pay no heed to these geographic lines. 环境问题并不理会这些地理界限。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法

17 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

18 divorced   

adj.离婚的；分开的；不相干的；脱离的v.与…离婚(divorce的过去式和过去分词)；分离；与某人离婚，判某人离婚

参考例句：

• Apparently they are getting divorced soon. 看样子，他们很快就要离婚。
• Many divorced men remarry and have second families. 许多离婚的男子再婚组成了新的家庭。

19 female   

adj.雌的，女(性)的；n.雌性的动物，女子

参考例句：

• We only employ female workers.我们只雇用女工。
• The animal in the picture was a female elephant.照片上的动物是头母象。

20 primates   

primate的复数

参考例句：

• Primates are alert, inquisitive animals. 灵长目动物是机灵、好奇的动物。
• Consciousness or cerebration has been said to have emerged in the evolution of higher primates. 据说意识或思考在较高级灵长类的进化中已出现。

21 means   

n.方法，手段，折中点，物质财富

参考例句：

• That man used artful means to find out secrets.那人使用狡猾的手段获取机密。
• We must get it done by some means or other.我们总得想办法把它干完。

22 environmental   

adj.环境的

参考例句：

• A global environmental meeting is going to be held here.一个全球环境会议将在这里举行。
• We need to cure our environmental problems.我们需要解决环境问题。