英语听力—环球英语 610 Ten Ways to Fight Hate: Lobby Leaders

　　Voice 1
Welcome to Spotlight¹. I'm Marina Santee.
Voice 2
And I'm Adam Navis. Spotlight uses a special English method of broadcasting. It is easier for people to understand, no matter where in the world they live.
Voice 1
In January 2006 a city in South Africa was preparing to elect a local government official. Each candidate² created advertisements in newspapers and magazines, and on television and radio. The advertisements told about the opinions of the candidates³. One advertisement, however, created a strong reaction from the community.
Voice 2
The advertisement appeared in a local newspaper. It was in the form of a letter to the home-owners in an Indian community. The letter said that black Africans should not be permitted to build new houses in this area. The letter claimed that murder and rape⁴ would increase in the community if black Africans lived there too. Amichand Rajbansi was one of the candidates in the election⁵. His name was at the bottom of the letter.
Voice 1
The opposing candidate, Obed Mlaba, was shocked by the letter. He spoke⁶ openly against it. Mr. Mlaba told his concerns to the South African Human Rights Commission⁷. They investigated the letter. Mr. Rajbansi denied writing the letter. He blamed a member of his political party for the racist⁸ ideas. But the South African Human Rights Commission advised Mr. Rajbansi to take responsibility for the letter. They advised him to apologize completely - and in public.
Voice 2
Mr. Mlaba and the Human Rights Commission knew that leaders have a very important part in the fight against hate in a community. They have power and influence over many kinds of people. Leaders must talk honestly and openly about racism⁹. They must also ACT against hate.
Voice 1
Today's Spotlight program is the seventh in a series of ten programs. In this series of programs we are looking at ten ways to fight hate.
Voice 2
Hate is powerful enough to damage people and communities. So Tolerance¹⁰.org has made this list of ten ways to fight hate in your community. On today's Spotlight program we will look at the seventh way to fight hate in your community: Lobby¹¹ Leaders.
Voice 1
Good and effective leaders can do much to fight hate in a community. In fact, Tolerance.org says that "the fight against hate needs community leaders willing to take an active role." Community leaders must ACT. They must use their authority¹² to fight against hate. They must be examples for people to follow.
Voice 2
Sometimes it is difficult for leaders to act against hate. A leader may fear losing support. A leader may fear losing his job. Or, a leader may not have a close relationship with the people she leads. That is why Tolerance.org encourages people to lobby leaders. That is, people can come together. They can influence and educate their leaders. Leaders can then lead a community to helpful change.
Voice 1
So, how can you influence your leaders toward¹³ change? How can you encourage them to lead a fight against hate? How can you lobby your leaders?
Voice 2
First, Tolerance.org says to form relationships with your community leaders. Leaders and communities who are close can communicate their needs better.
Voice 1
Second, you can educate your community leaders about hate. Help them understand the causes and effects of hate. Leaders may not understand that hate affects every member of a community. Hate is a serious community problem. When leaders know the facts about hate, they want to stop it quickly.
Voice 2
Third, Tolerance.org says to demand that police react to a hate based incident or a hate crime quickly and seriously. It is important that police completely investigate hate based crimes. Local media like newspapers, radio and television often report on crimes in an area. The media can show people the effects of hate. The media can encourage communities to accept other people no matter who they are or what they believe.
Voice 1
Fourth, expect leaders to speak against hate based incidents strongly and publicly when they do happen. Leaders represent large groups of people. When a leader speaks against hate, she influences her listeners. She also influences her listeners when she speaks for tolerance and acceptance¹⁴. Tolerance means accepting people no matter who they are or what they believe. It means respecting every person equally. If a leader does not speak against hate she is still sending a message. She sends a message that the community accepts hate.
Voice 2
Fifth, leaders must clearly name the problem. Sometimes it is difficult to speak clearly and openly about hate. Leaders may try to avoid using the word "hate." Or, they may try to forget about the problem. But forgetting about the problem of hate makes victims of hate crimes feel unsupported. A community without honesty becomes divided. It suffers. And it lets hate continue.
Voice 1
Finally, ask, or lobby, your leaders to ACT. Leaders in a community must be involved in the fight against hate. Ask leaders to be involved by speaking at peace events. Ask them to attend community meetings. Ask them to be involved in long-term ways to solve the problem of hate. Leaders who fight against hate have stronger communities. Victims in their communities feel supported. Whole communities feel safer. And they know how to react to future hate based incidents.
Voice 2
These are all good ways to influence your leaders to encourage tolerance. But what happens when a leader makes a racist comment? What happens when elected officials, police, or community leaders encourage hate instead of tolerance?
Voice 1
Tolerance.org believes that community members have power to encourage, or lobby, leaders here too. Tolerance.org encourages community members to put pressure on hate-filled leaders. They say you can organize a group of people who believe in tolerance. Encourage your group to write letters to the leader. Encourage your group to organize public events. Leaders who encourage hate damage communities. Work to educate and communicate with these kinds of leaders in your community. Help them understand that leaders need to be involved in the fight against hate.
Voice 2
This is the seventh program in a series of ten programs on ten ways to fight hate. This list is from Tolerance.org. Here are Tolerance.org's ten ways to fight hate.
Act, Unite, Support the Victims, Do Your Homework, Create an Alternative, Speak Up, Lobby Leaders, Look Long Range, Teach Tolerance, and Dig Deeper.
Voice 1
Keep listening to Spotlight to hear the complete series. And be sure to visit Tolerance.org on the internet.
 

1 spotlight   

n.公众注意的中心，聚光灯，探照灯，视听，注意，醒目

参考例句：

• This week the spotlight is on the world of fashion.本周引人瞩目的是时装界。
• The spotlight followed her round the stage.聚光灯的光圈随着她在舞台上转。

2 candidate   

n.候选人；候补者；投考者，申请求职者

参考例句：

• Voters like a candidate who has the common touch. 投票者喜欢那些平易近人的候选人。
• The local newspapers dressed up the candidate as a boxer.当地报纸把那个候选人描绘成一个拳击手。

3 candidates   

n.报考者( candidate的名词复数 )；申请求职者；攻读学位者；最后命运或结局如何已显然可见者

参考例句：

• Employers must consider all candidates impartially and without bias. 雇主必须公平而毫无成见地考虑所有求职者。
• one of the leading candidates for the presidency 总统职位的主要候选人之一

4 rape   

n.抢夺，掠夺，强奸；vt.掠夺，抢夺，强奸

参考例句：

• The rape of the countryside had a profound ravage on them.对乡村的掠夺给他们造成严重创伤。
• He was brought to court and charged with rape.他被带到法庭并被指控犯有强奸罪。

5 election   

n.选举，选择权；当选

参考例句：

• There is no doubt but that he will win the election.毫无疑问，他将在竞选中获胜。
• The government will probably fall at the coming election.在即将到来的大选中，该政府很可能要垮台。

6 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

7 commission   

n.委托，授权，委员会，拥金，回扣，委任状

参考例句：

• The salesman can get commission on everything he sells.这个售货员能得到所售每件货物的佣金。
• The commission is made up of five people,including two women.委员会由五人组成，其中包括两名妇女。

8 racist   

n.种族主义者，种族主义分子

参考例句：

• a series of racist attacks 一连串的种族袭击行为
• His speech presented racist ideas under the guise of nationalism. 他的讲话以民族主义为幌子宣扬种族主义思想。

9 racism   

n.民族主义；种族歧视(意识)

参考例句：

• He said that racism is endemic in this country.他说种族主义在该国很普遍。
• Racism causes political instability and violence.种族主义道致政治动荡和暴力事件。

10 tolerance   

n.宽容；容忍，忍受；耐药力；公差

参考例句：

• Tolerance is one of his strengths.宽容是他的一个优点。
• Human beings have limited tolerance of noise.人类对噪音的忍耐力有限。

11 lobby   

n.前厅，（剧院的）门廊

参考例句：

• As he walked through the lobby,he skirted a group of ladies.他穿过门厅时，绕过了一群女士。
• The delegates entered the assembly hall by way of the lobby.代表们通过大厅进入会场。

12 authority   

n.当局，官方；权力，权威，威信；当权者

参考例句：

• He is recognized internationally as an authority in this field.国际上承认他是这方面的一个权威。
• Professor White is looked upon as an authority on mathematics.怀特教授被看成数学权威。

13 toward   

prep.对于，关于，接近，将近，向，朝

参考例句：

• Suddenly I saw a tall figure approaching toward the policeman.突然间我看到一个高大的身影朝警察靠近。
• Upon seeing her,I smiled and ran toward her. 看到她我笑了，并跑了过去。

14 acceptance   

n.接受，接收，验收，接纳；承认，认可

参考例句：

• The new laws gained widespread acceptance.新法令受到广泛赞同。
• It took years for Einstein's theory to gain acceptance.爱因斯坦的理论经过多年才被人们接受。