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英语听力—环球英语 734 Poisoned by Lead

时间:2011-12-29 08:15来源:互联网 提供网友:fei   字体: [ ]
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  Voice 1
Welcome to Spotlight1. I'm Joshua Leo.
Voice 2
And I'm Liz Waid. Spotlight uses a special English method of broadcasting. It is easier for people to understand, no matter where in the world they live.
Voice 1
It was a medical mystery. In several small villages in Northern Nigeria, the children were suffering. They seemed tired and they had high fevers. The bodies of these children shook violently. Finally, many of them died. What was killing2 the children in northern Nigeria?
Voice 2
Today's Spotlight is on lead. This metal is found everywhere in the world. It is used in many products. But it can be very dangerous. It is especially dangerous for young children and pregnant3 women. On today's Spotlight we will look at the signs and symptoms of lead poisoning. And we will look at ways to reduce your risk from suffering from lead poisoning.
Voice 1
Kaci Hickox is a nurse from the United States. She works with Medecins Sans Frontieres - Doctors Without Borders. This organization brings medical aid to people around the world who need it most. In March 2010 she was sent to work in Nigeria. She was a medical team leader. She wrote about her experiences for Doctors Without Borders.
Voice 2
Kaci and her team were bringing vaccines5 to small villages in Nigeria. These vaccine4 drugs would protect the people from measles6 and meningitis. These diseases are often deadly. Some members of Kaci's teams travelled to far-away villages looking for new cases of these diseases.
Voice 1
In May 2010, Kaci received a call from one of the nurses on her team. The nurse told her about the village of Yargalma. Only 2,000 people lived in this village. But in the past three months, 40 children there had died.
Voice 2
This news seemed strange to Kaci. She decided7 to investigate the village. The children of Yargalma suffered from high fevers. They suffered from seizures8 that made their bodies shake. Kaci and her team thought the children might be suffering from an extreme form of malaria9. They gave the children very strong malaria medications. But the children did not improve. They were still getting worse.
Voice 1
Frank Peters was working with Kaci. He noticed that the people of the village were mining gold nearby. The gold was surrounded by ore - other earth and minerals. Men usually mined the ore and brought it home. Then women processed the ore. They removed the ore from around the gold. They worked in their homes and with their children. Frank knew that ore can contain harmful metals. So, Frank and Kaci took small samples of people's blood. They sent it to be tested.
Voice 2
The results of the blood tests were shocking. Levels of lead were many times above normal or safe limits. The children were suffering from extreme lead poisoning. Seven villages were affected10 by the lead outbreak. Richard Fuller works with the Blacksmith11 Institute. They are helping12 to clean up the affected villages. He says that blood lead levels in some people were higher than the equipment could measure.
Voice 1
But the lead was not just inside people's bodies. The dust from the ore was on the ground. It was inside houses. A UN report said that almost one third of the water wells in the villages contained a harmful amount of lead. Even the drinking water was not safe. Lead was everywhere.
Voice 2
Kaci and her teams began treating people immediately. They especially concentrated on the children and pregnant women. Slowly, the health of affected children started to improve. But lead is persistent13. Some children will carry the negative effects of lead poisoning for the rest of their lives. It has permanently14 changed their bodies.
Voice 1
Experts estimate that over 400 children have died because of this lead poisoning. And 30,000 other people have also been poisoned by the lead. Experts say agree that this is the worst outbreak of lead poisoning on record.
Voice 2
Lead is a natural metal found all over the world. Lead is dangerous because it travels easily through a person's body. And wherever lead goes in a person's body, it can cause harm. For example, lead damages the red blood cells. This limits the blood's ability to carry oxygen through the body. Then a person becomes anemic. His body does not have enough oxygen to work correctly.
Voice 1
People can come in contact with lead through many different forms. In the past many products contained lead - products like paint, gasoline, and water pipes for houses. Even today, lead is in many things like cooking materials, toys, jewellery, bullets, canned food and some herbal medicines. Food grown in lead-rich soil can contain lead. Water running through lead pipes carries it directly into some homes.
Voice 2
A small amount of lead in the body does not usually cause harm. But higher levels can cause permanent damage. Lead poisoning does not usually happen very quickly. Instead, small amounts of lead build up in a person's body over a longer period of time.
Voice 1
Lead affects children and pregnant women most severely15. Children's brains are still forming. The lead interferes16 with normal development. And pregnant women pass on lead to their unborn babies. Lead even passes through breast milk. Lead poisoning in children and unborn babies can lead to learning disabilities and behavior problems. These are permanent problems. In children and adults lead poisoning can also cause damage to hearing, poor muscle control, and problems with muscle and bone growth. It causes a person to be tired. Lead poisoning can lead to seizures, a coma17, or even death.
Voice 2
It is not easy to avoid lead. But there are ways to lower the risk of being near lead. Here are a few:
Voice 3
Avoid products that contain lead. Do not use leaded gasoline. Do not use pipes that contain lead. If you must use lead pipes for water, make sure to run cold water through the pipes in the morning before drinking the water.
Voice 4
Lead is a serious problem in many industries. Workers should be sure there are health rules that protect them from lead.
Voice 3
Do not use lead paint. Do not let children eat particles of lead paint that fall off.
Voice 4
Watch groups of people who are more at risk for lead poisoning. They may show signs of lead poisoning first. These are small children, pregnant women, and industrial workers.
Voice 3
Test the blood lead level of children who are at risk. If levels are too high, get them medical care.
Voice 2
Every person can be affected by lead. But knowing the risks of lead can save people from another situation like the one in Nigeria.
 


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 spotlight 6hBzmk     
n.公众注意的中心,聚光灯,探照灯,视听,注意,醒目
参考例句:
  • This week the spotlight is on the world of fashion.本周引人瞩目的是时装界。
  • The spotlight followed her round the stage.聚光灯的光圈随着她在舞台上转。
2 killing kpBziQ     
n.巨额利润;突然赚大钱,发大财
参考例句:
  • Investors are set to make a killing from the sell-off.投资者准备清仓以便大赚一笔。
  • Last week my brother made a killing on Wall Street.上个周我兄弟在华尔街赚了一大笔。
3 pregnant IP3xP     
adj.怀孕的,怀胎的
参考例句:
  • She is a pregnant woman.她是一名孕妇。
  • She is pregnant with her first child.她怀了第一胎。
4 vaccine Ki1wv     
n.牛痘苗,疫苗;adj.牛痘的,疫苗的
参考例句:
  • The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
  • She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。
5 vaccines c9bb57973a82c1e95c7cd0f4988a1ded     
疫苗,痘苗( vaccine的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • His team are at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines. 他的小组处于疫苗科研的最前沿。
  • The vaccines were kept cool in refrigerators. 疫苗放在冰箱中冷藏。
6 measles Bw8y9     
n.麻疹,风疹,包虫病,痧子
参考例句:
  • The doctor is quite definite about Tom having measles.医生十分肯定汤姆得了麻疹。
  • The doctor told her to watch out for symptoms of measles.医生叫她注意麻疹出现的症状。
7 decided lvqzZd     
adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的
参考例句:
  • This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
  • There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。
8 seizures d68658a6ccfd246a0e750fdc12689d94     
n.起获( seizure的名词复数 );没收;充公;起获的赃物
参考例句:
  • Seizures of illicit drugs have increased by 30% this year. 今年违禁药品的扣押增长了30%。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Other causes of unconsciousness predisposing to aspiration lung abscess are convulsive seizures. 造成吸入性肺脓肿昏迷的其他原因,有惊厥发作。 来自辞典例句
9 malaria B2xyb     
n.疟疾
参考例句:
  • He had frequent attacks of malaria.他常患疟疾。
  • Malaria is a kind of serious malady.疟疾是一种严重的疾病。
10 affected TzUzg0     
adj.不自然的,假装的
参考例句:
  • She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
  • His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。
11 blacksmith ZR7yl     
n.铁匠,锻工
参考例句:
  • The blacksmith is hammering the red-hot metal.铁匠正在锤烧红的铁。
  • The blacksmith forged a bar of iron into a hook.铁匠把一根铁条锻造成一个钩子。
12 helping 2rGzDc     
n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的,辅助的
参考例句:
  • The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
  • By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。
13 persistent BSUzg     
adj.坚持不懈的,执意的;持续的
参考例句:
  • Albert had a persistent headache that lasted for three days.艾伯特连续头痛了三天。
  • She felt embarrassed by his persistent attentions.他不时地向她大献殷勤,使她很难为情。
14 permanently KluzuU     
adv.永恒地,永久地,固定不变地
参考例句:
  • The accident left him permanently scarred.那次事故给他留下了永久的伤疤。
  • The ship is now permanently moored on the Thames in London.该船现在永久地停泊在伦敦泰晤士河边。
15 severely SiCzmk     
adv.严格地;严厉地;非常恶劣地
参考例句:
  • He was severely criticized and removed from his post.他受到了严厉的批评并且被撤了职。
  • He is severely put down for his careless work.他因工作上的粗心大意而受到了严厉的批评。
16 interferes ab8163b252fe52454ada963fa857f890     
vi. 妨碍,冲突,干涉
参考例句:
  • The noise interferes with my work. 这噪音妨碍我的工作。
  • That interferes with my plan. 那干扰了我的计划。
17 coma vqxzR     
n.昏迷,昏迷状态
参考例句:
  • The patient rallied from the coma.病人从昏迷中苏醒过来。
  • She went into a coma after swallowing a whole bottle of sleeping pills.她吃了一整瓶安眠药后就昏迷过去了。
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