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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
Voice 1
Welcome to Spotlight1! I'm Liz Waid.
Voice 2
And I'm Nick Page. Spotlight uses a special English method of broadcasting. It is easier for people to understand, no matter where in the world they live.
Voice 1
Storms. Floods. Mudslides. Tsunamis2. Earthquakes. Most people know about the dangers of these natural disasters. But there is another natural disaster that can be just as dangerous as any of these. It is the heat wave.
Voice 2
In 2003, a heat wave in Europe caused over 2000 deaths in Portugal. This same heat wave caused the deaths of over 14,000 people in France and over 2000 people in the United Kingdom. Experts say that in the United States hot weather has killed more people in the last century than any other natural event. Every year people die from being too hot. People often do not recognize the changes in their bodies in hot weather. Or they may not know what to do to avoid the dangers of hot weather.
Voice 1
On today's Spotlight we will share some ways that people can protect themselves from dangerous sicknesses that come from extremely hot weather.
Voice 2
Many places experience heat waves every year. What is a heat wave? Well, a heat wave is simply a group of very hot days. Some heat waves last only a few days, but heat waves can last much longer. Heat waves are the most dangerous when they last for more than a few days.
Voice 1
Experts say that heat causes the most damage when outside temperatures stay high, day to night. The middle of the day is usually the hottest. And then at night the temperature is cooler. A healthy person's body can adapt, or change, during the day so that hot weather is not as dangerous to his body. Then, at night, when the temperature is cool, his body can rest from the heat. But, if the temperature does not cool down at night, this causes serious problems for his body. His body has no time to recover.
Voice 2
The human body reacts to heat through its own cooling system. Water inside our bodies brings heat to the surface of the skin. This heat comes out as sweat. The sweat on the outside of the body evaporates4 into the air. As the sweat evaporates off the body, the person gets cooler.
Voice 1
This natural cooling system works5 well for short periods of time. But it is possible for a person to release6 too much water as sweat. If he does not put enough water back into his body, he could become dehydrated. Dehydration7 means 'lack of water.' It is one of the most common problems in hot weather or a heat wave. Someone who is dehydrated may have trouble thinking or working. This is because lack of water affects the working of the brain.
Voice 2
Someone who is dehydrated should avoid working too hard and sweating. He should also drink lots of water. He needs to put water back into his body. If he does not, his dehydration could lead to more serious problems.
Voice 1
Heat exhaustion8 is one possible result of dehydration. A person who has heat exhaustion may feel extremely tired. He may not be able to walk very well. He may feel sick. His skin may feel wet, even cold. The person may even collapse9. But he will sweat a lot. His organs will not get the chemicals they need to work. And this could cause more problems.
Voice 2
Heat exhaustion can develop quickly. But it may also develop slowly over a few days. Often, the victim may not even observe the changes and problems happening in his body.
Voice 1
A person with heat exhaustion needs to stop working immediately. He needs to find a cool place to rest. He also needs to drink water. Experts say that water is most helpful to a person's body when a person sips10 it slowly. A person must put back the water he has lost from sweating. It helps if the water contains a little salt.
Voice 2
If heat exhaustion goes untreated, it may develop into heat stroke11. This is the most damaging and dangerous problem that comes from hot weather. During heat stroke a person's average body temperature rises to over 40 degrees Celsius12. Usually, his body stops sweating. That is different from heat exhaustion. With heat stroke, the person's skin is dry and very hot to touch. His mind is affected13. He may even lose consciousness14 and fall into a deep sleep. If his body temperature rises above 42 degrees, his body will even begin to damage his organs. This can result in permanent brain damage or even death! A person suffering from heat stroke must get treatment immediately.
Voice 1
If you think someone is suffering from heat stroke, here is what you can do. Remove the person from the sun. Take off his clothes and pour cool water over his body. The water will begin to evaporate3 and help to cool him down. Then, if you have ice, place it on his skin under his arms and on his neck. Blood vessels15 are very close to the skin in these areas. The ice will help to cool his blood and his body.
Voice 2
Many people may not recognize these signs of heat sicknesses. But it is important to know what they are and how to treat them.
Voice 1
Here are some more suggestions from experts about how to stay safe in hot weather:
Voice 3
Try to stay out of the sun, especially if you have light skin. Sun can badly burn a person's body. And it increases a person's risk of skin cancer. If you are in the sun and begin to feel sick, find shade immediately. Sit under a tree or go inside.
Voice 4
Avoid eating hot or heavy food.
Voice 3
Drink as much water as you can. Avoid alcohol16, tea, coffee, and drinks with a lot of sugar. These make your body use more water then they provide.
Voice 4
Wear light coloured clothes. Dark clothes soak17 up sunlight. They make a person feel hotter. And the clothes you wear should be just a little big for your body.
Voice 3
Protect your eyes from the sun. Wear a hat or dark glasses to keep your eyes safe.
Voice 4
Finally, if the weather is extremely hot protect the weaker members of your community. Extreme heat causes the most harm to people over sixty-five [65] years old and children who are less than four years old.
Voice 1
It is important that people know and recognize the dangers of hot weather. Knowing these signs could help you save someone's life. They could even help you save your own! Be safe about hot weather.
收听单词发音 |
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spotlight
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| n.公众注意的中心，聚光灯，探照灯，视听，注意，醒目 | |
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tsunamis
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| n.海啸( tsunami的名词复数 ) | |
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evaporate
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| vi.蒸发，挥发，消失；vt.使蒸发，使挥发 | |
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evaporates
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| v.（使某物）蒸发掉( evaporate的第三人称单数 )；消失，不复存在；使脱水 | |
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works
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| n.作品，著作；工厂，活动部件，机件 | |
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release
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| vt.发布，发表，发行；释放，放开 | |
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dehydration
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| n.脱水，干燥 | |
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exhaustion
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| n.耗尽枯竭，疲惫，筋疲力尽，竭尽，详尽无遗的论述 | |
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collapse
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| vi.累倒；昏倒；倒塌；塌陷 | |
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sips
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| n.小口喝，一小口的量( sip的名词复数 )v.小口喝，呷，抿( sip的第三人称单数 ) | |
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stroke
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| n.笔画，击打，连续的动作，中风，心跳；vt.奉承，轻抚； vi.击打，心跳... | |
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Celsius
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| adj.摄氏温度计的，摄氏的 | |
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affected
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| adj.不自然的，假装的 | |
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consciousness
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| n.意识，觉悟，知觉 | |
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vessels
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| n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人 | |
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alcohol
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| n.酒精，乙醇；含酒精的饮料 | |
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soak
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| n.浸，湿透，喝醉；vt.使…湿透，浸泡在液体中，浸洗，吸入，使某人喝醉，向某人敲竹杠；vi.浸入液体，渗透，感化（某人），无节制地喝酒 | |
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