英语听力—环球英语 955 Village Health Workers

 　　Voice 1

　　Welcome to Spotlight¹. I'm Liz Waid.

　　Voice 2

　　And I'm Adam Navis. Spotlight uses a special English method of broadcasting. It is easier for people to understand, no matter where in the world they live.

　　Voice 1

　　The village of Jawalke, India is like many other poor villages in India. Houses have dirt floors. Animals walk around outside. Clothes dry on a line. Small fires cook bread. But Jawalke does have something different than many other poor villages.

　　Voice 2

　　Sarubai Salve and Babai Sathe are two female² health workers. They walk through the streets every day visiting people. They are responsible³ for keeping the people of the village healthy. They help women before, during, and after pregnancy⁴. They measure blood pressure. They visit old people and people recovering from diseases⁵. They are village health workers and this is their story.

　　Voice 1

　　But today's Spotlight is on more than just these two women. Today's Spotlight is on how village health workers like Salve and Sathe are changing life for the people in hundreds of villages in India. And while they do this, they are changing their own lives as well.

　　Voice 2

　　It is difficult to keep a doctor working in a poor country. Often, doctors leave for richer countries. There are many reasons that this happens. Most doctors from poor countries became doctors for the same reason that anyone becomes a doctor: to make a good living. Doctors can earn more money in more wealthy countries. There are programs that encourage doctors to work in poor countries. And some doctors do work in poor countries because they have a caring heart. But adding doctors to a poor country may not be the solution to a country's health problems.

　　Voice 1

　　The country of Malawi is a good example. It has three doctors for every one hundred fifty thousand [150,000] people. Even if it could have two times as many doctors in the country, there would still not be enough. Also, doctors often stay in larger cities where there are hospitals and more resources⁶. In places like Malawi and India, village health workers offer a real chance at improving the health of poor people outside the large cities.

　　Voice 2

　　In 1970, doctor Raj Arole and his wife began a program called, "Jamkhed." It is named after the village where the program began. The goal of this program is to encourage health among the very poor. They found an old animal hospital and they made it into a hospital for people. This served as their base for their work. Tina Rosenberg, a writer for National Geographic⁷ Magazine, writes,

　　Voice 3

　　"Arole knew that treatment could do very little for the poor. They needed to encourage the prevention⁸ of sickness in the villages. So they decided⁹ to work with the villagers themselves. Arole says that a village health worker can take care of eighty [80] percent of the village's health problems. This is because most problems are related¹⁰ to food and to the environment. Child death rate is three things: severe¹¹ lack of food, diarrhoea, and breathing diseases. For all three, you do not need doctors. "Rural¹² problems are simple," Arole says. "Safe drinking water, education, and getting rid of poverty¹³ will do more to aid health than medical tests and drugs."

　　Voice 1

　　Jamkhed is the program that trained the women health workers Salve and Sathe. When they first became health workers they were extremely¹⁴ poor. They were members of India's ‘Untouchable' group. They could not touch things that would touch people from higher groups. They could not wear shoes or pump their own water.

　　Voice 2

　　Neither woman had much education. Sathe was married at age ten. Salve was married at two years old! Neither felt they had much to offer. But Arole knew that this kind of woman was the key to encouraging health. He says,

　　Voice 4

　　"An educated¹⁵ woman probably comes from a higher group. She may not want to work for the poorest of the poor."

　　Voice 1

　　Arole believed that it was important that health workers could relate to poor people. They needed to know how people lived. They needed to be willing¹⁶ to work in difficult conditions. They needed to not care about praise and honour. This is why he started the Jamkhed project. The biggest problem was getting the women to believe in themselves.

　　Voice 2

　　When women begin the Jamkhed program, they would not look people in the eye when they talked. They did not feel they were intelligent. If someone asked, "Who is more intelligent - a woman or a rat?" They would answer, "A rat." The women slowly began to believe in themselves. But it was a process. Even once the women are health workers they continue to gather together. They discuss problems in their villages. They encourage one another in their work. They continue to learn more about different medical conditions.

　　Voice 1

　　The positive effects of having health workers like Sathe and Salve have come slowly. But it has made a big change. Salve has been working in Jawalke since 1984. She says that she has helped five hundred and fifty [550] mothers give birth. Not once has a mother or baby died in birth in her care.

　　Voice 2

　　Today there are health workers in three hundred [300] villages. In these villages, many of the traditional problems are almost gone. These include childhood diarrhoea, babies dying¹⁷ before birth, malaria¹⁸, skin diseases, and tuberculosis¹⁹. Almost half of children in India do not get enough to eat. But in villages with health workers, there are not even enough hungry children to count.

　　Voice 1

　　The Jamkhed program addresses total health. So the villages have improved their environment as well as their bodies. In places where there were no trees, trees have been planted. People are growing different fruits and vegetables. Each village now has clean water.

　　Voice 2

　　One of the greatest changes happens to the women who have become village health workers. Here again is what Sathe said to writer Tina Rosenberg:

　　Voice 5

　　"When I started as a health worker, I had no support from anyone. I had no education and no money. I was like a stone with no life. When I came to the program, they gave me shape and a life. I learned²⁰ courage and boldness²¹. I became a human being."

　　Voice 1

　　The writer and producer of this program was Adam Navis. The voices you heard were from the United²² States and the United Kingdom. All quotes²³ were adapted for this program and voiced by Spotlight. Computer users²⁴ can hear our programs, read our scripts²⁵, and see our word list on our website at www.Radio.English.net. This program is called "Village Health Workers."

　　Voice 2

　　If you have a comment or question for Spotlight you can email us. Our email address is Radio @ English . net. We hope you can join us again for the next Spotlight program. Thank you for listening. Goodbye!

 

1 spotlight   

n.公众注意的中心，聚光灯，探照灯，视听，注意，醒目

参考例句：

• This week the spotlight is on the world of fashion.本周引人瞩目的是时装界。
• The spotlight followed her round the stage.聚光灯的光圈随着她在舞台上转。

2 female   

adj.雌的，女(性)的；n.雌性的动物，女子

参考例句：

• We only employ female workers.我们只雇用女工。
• The animal in the picture was a female elephant.照片上的动物是头母象。

3 responsible   

adj.有责任的，应负责的；可靠的，可信赖的；责任重大的；vi.休息，睡；静止，停止

参考例句：

• He must be responsible to me for this matter.这件事他必须对我负责。
• The police are responsible for the preservation of law and order.警察负责维持法律与秩序。

4 pregnancy   

n.怀孕，怀孕期

参考例句：

• Early pregnancy is often accompanied by nausea.怀孕早期常有恶心的现象。
• Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of miscarriage.怀孕期吸烟会增加流产的危险。

5 diseases   

n.疾病( disease的名词复数 )；弊端；恶疾；痼疾

参考例句：

• Smoking is a causative factor in several major diseases. 抽烟是引起几种严重疾病的病因。
• The illness frequently coexists with other chronic diseases. 这种病往往与其他慢性病同时存在。

6 resources   

n.勇气；才智；谋略；有助于实现目标的东西；资源( resource的名词复数 )；[复数]物力；办法；来源

参考例句：

• The world's resources are rapidly diminishing. 世界资源正在迅速减少。
• a policy to equalize the distribution of resources throughout the country 使资源在全国分布均衡的政策

7 geographic   

adj.地理学的，地理的

参考例句：

• The city's success owes much to its geographic position. 这座城市的成功很大程度上归功于它的地理位置。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Environmental problems pay no heed to these geographic lines. 环境问题并不理会这些地理界限。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法

8 prevention   

n.阻止，妨碍，预防

参考例句：

• They have begun to do the prevention of crime.他们已经开始防止犯罪行为。
• Prevention of forest fires is up to you.森林防火是你们的责任。

9 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

10 related   

adj.有关系的，有关联的，叙述的，讲述的

参考例句：

• I am not related to him in any way.我和他无任何关系。
• We spent days going through all related reference material.我们花了好多天功夫查阅所有有关的参考资料。

11 severe   

adj.严格的，凶猛的，严肃的，严重的，严厉的，朴素的

参考例句：

• The severe storm did for most of the crops.猛烈的暴风雨毁掉了大部分庄稼。
• The pace was too severe to be kept up for long.跟上这步伐太难了，无法持久。

12 rural   

adj.乡下的，田园的，乡村风味的

参考例句：

• He lived a rural life.他过着田园生活。
• We left the city for a rural home.我们离开城市，去农村安家。

13 poverty   

n.贫穷， 贫困， 贫乏， 缺少

参考例句：

• We must continue to war against poverty and disease.我们一定要继续同贫穷和疾病作斗争。
• He showed his poverty in his knowledge of agriculture.他表现出缺乏对农业知识的了解。

14 extremely   

adv.极其，非常，极度

参考例句：

• The film is extremely good,I just cannot miss it.这部电影太精彩了，我非看不可。
• The old man was extremely difficult to get along with.这个老人极难相与。

15 educated   

adj.受过教育的，有教养的

参考例句：

• She was well educated in literature at a university.她在大学里受到良好的文学方面的教育。
• Children should be educated in a correct way.教育孩子要得法。

16 willing   

adj.愿意的，自愿的，乐意的，心甘情愿的

参考例句：

• We never lack food and clothing if we're willing to work.如果我们愿意工作,就不会缺吃少穿。
• He's quite willing to pay the price I ask.他很愿意照我的要价付钱。

17 dying   

adj.垂死的，临终的

参考例句：

• He was put in charge of the group by the dying leader.他被临终的领导人任命为集团负责人。
• She was shown into a small room,where there was a dying man.她被领进了一间小屋子，那里有一个垂死的人。

18 malaria   

n.疟疾

参考例句：

• He had frequent attacks of malaria.他常患疟疾。
• Malaria is a kind of serious malady.疟疾是一种严重的疾病。

19 tuberculosis   

n.结核病，肺结核

参考例句：

• People used to go to special health spring to recover from tuberculosis.人们常去温泉疗养胜地治疗肺结核。
• Tuberculosis is a curable disease.肺结核是一种可治愈的病。

20 learned   

adj.有学问的，博学的；learn的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• He went into a rage when he learned about it.他听到这事后勃然大怒。
• In this little village,he passed for a learned man.在这个小村子里，他被视为有学问的人。

21 boldness   

n.大胆，冒失，勇敢；魄力

参考例句：

• I marvelled at your boldness. 我对你的大胆感到惊奇。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• All you needed was luck and cunning and boldness. 只消有点子运气、狡猾和勇敢，这样的事情便能成功。 来自英汉文学

22 united   

adj.和谐的；团结的；联合的，统一的

参考例句：

• The whole nation is closely united.全国人民紧密团结。
• The two men were united by community of interests.共同的利益使两个人结合在一起。

23 quotes   

v.引用，援引( quote的第三人称单数 )；报价；引述；为（股票、黄金或外汇）报价

参考例句：

• He quotes a few verses from Tennyson in his paper. 他在论文中引用了英国诗人丁尼生的几行诗句。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He quotes (from) the Bible to support his beliefs. 他引用圣经来支持自己的信念。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

24 users   

用户，使用者( user的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The new software will prove a boon to Internet users. 这种新软件将会对互联网用户大有益处。
• Ramps should be provided for wheelchair users. 应该给轮椅使用者提供坡道。

25 scripts   

剧本( script的名词复数 )； 文字； 笔迹； （一种语言的）字母系统

参考例句：

• Many felt he was prostituting his talents by writing Hollywood scripts. 许多人觉得他给好莱坞写剧本是滥用自己的才华。
• The scripts had a rather tired plot. 这部陈旧的剧本的情节是非常俗套的。