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英语听力—环球英语 968 Quick Decisions

时间:2012-03-27 08:08来源:互联网 提供网友:eileengao   字体: [ ]
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   Voice 1

  Hello and welcome to Spotlight1. I'm Liz Waid.
  Voice 2
  And I'm Joshua Leo. Spotlight uses a special method of broadcasting. It is easier for people to understand no matter where in the world they live.
  Voice 1
  Most people have experienced2 an immediate3 reaction. They might react4 with a strong emotion when they smell something good. They might have an immediate reaction to a sound or picture. These emotions are what writer Malcolm Gladwell calls snap5, or quick decisions. Gladwell has studied Today's Spotlight program is on these immediate reactions and how they affect our everyday lives.
  Voice 2
  Here is an example of how our brains create these immediate reactions. Answer these questions in your head as quickly as possible.
  What colour are clouds?
  What colour is snow?
  What do cows drink?
  Most people answer the first two questions with white. If you answered that cows drink milk, you are not alone. The correct answer is water. It was the colour white that made you have a snap decision that cows drink milk.
  Voice 1
  In his book "Blink6", Malcolm Gladwell tells a story about this kind of snap decision. In 1983, the J. Paul Getty Museum received a statue. They were told it was a marble7 statue from the sixth century B.C.  They believed it was this old. Scientists at the museum did some basic tests to make sure the statue was real. The tests seemed to show that the statue was very old. But Federico Zeri and Evelyn Harris did not agree with the scientists. They are art experts. When they saw the statue, they had a feeling that it was not real. That feeling came from years of experience working with art.
  Voice 2
  Thomas Hoving is another art manager. He also had the chance to look at the statue. Hoving always remembers the first word to come into his mind when he looks at a new piece of work.
  When Hoving sees an old large marble statue, he expects his first word to be 'old', 'beautiful', 'ancient', or even 'heavy'. Hoving has been around art for many years. His experience makes it easier for him to choose between real art and copies of real art. And when he looked at the statue, the first word he thought of was 'fresh'. The snap judgements of the experts agreed - the statue was not thousands of years old. It was new.
  Voice 1
  Because the experts believed it was not real, scientists decided8 to do more tests. These further test results showed that the statue was not real. It was a copy of a statue that was popular more than two thousand years ago. The person that made the statue put a lot of hard work and time into making the statue seem older than what it was. The museum was not happy when they learned9 they would not be able to put this statue in their museum. But the experts' snap decisions helped save the museum from years of shame and regret.
  Voice 2
  This is just one of many examples of the effects of snap, quick decisions. Snap decisions can also help save or even improve our lives.
  Voice 1
  Imagine you are walking down a street on a sidewalk. You are thinking about something that is very interesting. You are not thinking about walking down the street. You decide to turn right. You do not see that you have just stepped out on to a busy street. You look up and see that there is a car driving towards you. Without thinking, you jump back up on to the sidewalk. You do this to avoid being hit. It was your own snap decision to jump back, away from the street, that saved you from being hurt.
  Voice 2
  In an emergency, snap decisions also help. For example, doctors use snap decisions to treat injuries. They react based on past experiences. These past experiences help doctors know, without thinking, what they must do. If doctors take too long to make a decision, it can be too late to save a person's life. Their quick thinking can help keep everyone safe.
  Voice 1
  Snap judgements are very important in many different situations. But why do we make them? How do we make them? Malcolm Gladwell says that people make quick decisions because they have to. Sometimes people have to make quick decisions to survive. Other times, people have to because it is natural. Our past experiences help to form our decisions. This is what helps to make them natural. Snap decisions come from the unconscious10 part of our brain. This means11 we do not know we make snap decisions until after we make them. We often do this when we meet people.
  Voice 2
  There is a popular saying in the English language "Do not judge a book by its cover." This means that we should not make an opinion about something or somebody based on the way they look. But people do this every single day. And, sadly, these snap decisions can easily be wrong.
  Voice 1
  Snap decisions come from experience. But our experiences of people can be limited. Most of us do not know people of a different ethnicity or race. We mostly know people who are like us. So, when we see someone who looks different, our snap judgements are NOT based on experience. They are based on ideas from other people, or stories in radio and television. These are prejudices13. And snap decisions based on prejudice12 are often wrong. Often, a person's appearance14 does not tell us much about who they are or what they are like.
  Voice 2
  However, this is not always true. For example, imagine that you see a police officer. You can identify him as a police officer because of his uniform. This is a natural thing to do. But you may have more thoughts - harmful thoughts like, "he thinks he is above the law" or "he is mean". These are not good snap decisions. Thoughts like these are judgements about a person's character and personality15.
  Voice 1
  Some times, we need to make a snap decision about a person to protect our own lives. If we see someone carrying a weapon, it would be right to make the snap decision to hide or run away.
  Voice 2
  People make snap decisions every single day. It is up to us how we let the snap decisions affect our lives. It is important to be careful not to let these snap decisions change the way we think of a person. Think of how your snap decisions affect your everyday life. You could surprise yourself.
  Voice 1
  The writer of today's programme was Erin Layman16. The producer was Joshua Leo. The voices you heard were from the United17 States. Computer users18 can read our scripts19, hear our programs and see our word list on our website at www.radio.english.net. This programme is called "Quick Decisions".
  Voice 2
  We hope you can join us again for the next Spotlight program. Goodbye!

点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 spotlight 6hBzmk     
n.公众注意的中心,聚光灯,探照灯,视听,注意,醒目
参考例句:
  • This week the spotlight is on the world of fashion.本周引人瞩目的是时装界。
  • The spotlight followed her round the stage.聚光灯的光圈随着她在舞台上转。
2 experienced ntPz2t     
adj.有经验的;经验丰富的,熟练的
参考例句:
  • Experienced seamen will advise you about sailing in this weather.有经验的海员会告诉你在这种天气下的航行情况。
  • Perhaps you and I had better change over;you are more experienced.也许我们的工作还是对换一下好,你比我更有经验。
3 immediate aapxh     
adj.立即的;直接的,最接近的;紧靠的
参考例句:
  • His immediate neighbours felt it their duty to call.他的近邻认为他们有责任去拜访。
  • We declared ourselves for the immediate convocation of the meeting.我们主张立即召开这个会议。
4 react zTSxI     
vi.起反应,起作用;反抗,起反作用
参考例句:
  • She didn't look up or react in any way.她既不抬头,也没有任何反应。
  • How did he react to your suggestion?他如何对待你的建议?
5 snap tFCzw     
n.啪地移动,突然断掉;v.猛咬,咬断,谩骂,砰然关上
参考例句:
  • He broke off the twig with a snap.他啪地一声把那根树枝折断了。
  • These earrings snap on with special fasteners.这副耳环是用特制的按扣扣上去的。
6 blink CW4ze     
vi.眨眼睛,闪烁;vt.眨(眼睛),使闪烁
参考例句:
  • In a blink of an eye he had disappeared.一眨眼的工夫他就没影了。
  • The boy disappeared around the corner in a blink of an eye.一眨眼,这男孩就在拐角处不见了。
7 marble ZB5xi     
n.大理石,石弹,雕刻品;adj.大理石的,冷酷无情的,坚硬的
参考例句:
  • Marble is a precious stone.大理石是一种珍贵的石料。
  • The statue was carved out of marble.这尊像是大理石雕成的。
8 decided lvqzZd     
adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的
参考例句:
  • This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
  • There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。
9 learned m1oxn     
adj.有学问的,博学的;learn的过去式和过去分词
参考例句:
  • He went into a rage when he learned about it.他听到这事后勃然大怒。
  • In this little village,he passed for a learned man.在这个小村子里,他被视为有学问的人。
10 unconscious glawT     
adj.失去知觉的,不省人事的;无意识的,不知不觉的
参考例句:
  • She was unconscious but her heart was still beating.她已经不省人事,但脉搏还在跳。
  • He was unconscious of his mistake.他没意识到自已的错误。
11 means 9oXzBX     
n.方法,手段,折中点,物质财富
参考例句:
  • That man used artful means to find out secrets.那人使用狡猾的手段获取机密。
  • We must get it done by some means or other.我们总得想办法把它干完。
12 prejudice 6PcxS     
n.偏见,成见;损害,侵害;vt.使…抱偏见;损害,不利于
参考例句:
  • Prejudice is a social disease.偏见是一种社会弊病。
  • He continued to smoke,to the prejudice of his health.他继续吸烟,这不利于他的健康。
13 prejudices e2d2778b584776a6831fb852c1588d1f     
n.成见,偏见,歧视( prejudice的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Prejudices can easily become implanted in the mind. 偏见容易在头脑中扎根。
  • These prejudices are particularly prevalent among people living in the North. 这些偏见在北方人中尤为常见。
14 appearance 2V7zL     
n.出现,露面;容貌
参考例句:
  • In appearance, he was a little like his father.他看起来有点像他的父亲。
  • She was a young woman of good appearance.她是一位年轻貌美的女子。
15 personality AMYxK     
n.个性,人格,名人
参考例句:
  • Einstein was a great personality.爱因斯坦是个伟大的人物。
  • She has a powerful personality.她有坚强的个性。
16 layman T3wy6     
n.俗人,门外汉,凡人
参考例句:
  • These technical terms are difficult for the layman to understand.这些专门术语是外行人难以理解的。
  • He is a layman in politics.他对政治是个门外汉。
17 united Yfmz2c     
adj.和谐的;团结的;联合的,统一的
参考例句:
  • The whole nation is closely united.全国人民紧密团结。
  • The two men were united by community of interests.共同的利益使两个人结合在一起。
18 users 9bc65c2abec141778ffaa729489f3e87     
用户,使用者( user的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • The new software will prove a boon to Internet users. 这种新软件将会对互联网用户大有益处。
  • Ramps should be provided for wheelchair users. 应该给轮椅使用者提供坡道。
19 scripts d6c5855a62cf32a4dadbc2831f0f295f     
剧本( script的名词复数 ); 文字; 笔迹; (一种语言的)字母系统
参考例句:
  • Many felt he was prostituting his talents by writing Hollywood scripts. 许多人觉得他给好莱坞写剧本是滥用自己的才华。
  • The scripts had a rather tired plot. 这部陈旧的剧本的情节是非常俗套的。
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