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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
Voice 1
Voice 2
And I’m Bruce Gulland. Spotlight uses a special English method of broadcasting. It is easier for people to understand, no matter where in the world they live.
Voice 1
A busy city street. Cars and trucks pass quickly. A few people wait to cross. But then, all traffic stops. Suddenly, hundreds of people riding 2-wheeled bicycles fill the street. They are all riding together. After many minutes, the bicycles have all passed by. The traffic starts again. What just happened?
Voice 2
This was a ‘critical2 mass.’ A critical mass is any large group of people riding bicycles together for one purpose. In China, the idea of a critical mass started for safety. Bicycle riders4 would stop at street crossings. They would wait until more bicycle riders stopped too. Soon, a large number of bicycle riders gathered. Then they all crossed the street together. They believed this kept them safe. It is difficult for one bicycle rider3 to cross a busy street alone. But, it is easy for car drivers to see a large group of bicycle riders.
Voice 1
Today, there are critical mass bicycle rides all over the world. Sometimes they are a kind of protest5. But sometimes, they are just to show the importance of bicycles! Bicycles are important for transportation6 around the world. But how did they become so important? Today’s Spotlight is on the history of the bicycle!
Voice 2
No one person invented the bicycle. Instead, many people worked together over time. Experts say that the first plans came from Leonardo da Vinci. This famous inventor and artist wrote plans for a modern bicycle hundreds of years ago. But inventors did not create the first working bicycle until the early 1800’s.
Voice 1
The first bicycle had wheels. But it did not have pedals7 to move the wheels. The rider pushed the bicycle forward by pushing his feet against the ground. People called these bicycles ‘pushbikes’.
Voice 2
In the 1850’s and 60’s French inventors changed the design of the bicycle. They made the front wheel larger. And they put pedals on it. Riders used their feet on the pedals to push the bicycle forward. They made this bicycle with a heavy steel frame8. And they made the wheels out of wood and iron9. People called this bicycle the ‘boneshaker’. On the stone streets of that time, the bicycle shook the rider very hard. It was a painful ride!
Voice 1
Over the next ten years, inventors changed the design of the bicycle even more. They made the front wheel even larger. This increased its speed. They also added10 rubber tires on the wheels. People called this bicycle ‘the ordinary’. But these kinds of bicycles were difficult to ride. They were difficult to push forward. And it was difficult to change directions while riding.
Voice 2
In 1885, JK Starley invented the first modern bicycle. It looked very similar to the bicycles people ride today. Starley put similar sized wheels on the front and back of the bicycle. He also added a thin metal chain that worked between the pedals and the wheels. The chain let bicycle riders use the back wheel to change directions. He also added a better seat.
Voice 1
Starley’s bicycle design was a large improvement11 from the old kind of bicycles. But it was still difficult to ride a Starley bicycle. It did not offer a very smooth ride. But in the 1890’s inventors made more improvements12 to the bicycle. They used better rubber for the wheels. They developed good brakes13 to stop the bicycle. It was not long before people all around the world used bicycles for sport and play.
Voice 2
People also started using bicycles as their main form of transport. Bicycles helped people get from place to place easier. Riding a bicycle is faster than walking. People also say that making bicycles helped scientists and inventors make better machines. In fact, famous inventors like Henry Ford14 and the Wright Brothers used bicycle technology to create cars and airplanes!
Voice 1
Bicycles also had large effects on societies around the world. For example, the bicycle changed life for women in many ways. Before bicycles were invented, in Western countries women usually wore large, close-fitting dresses. But when women started riding bicycles, they started wearing different clothes. They wore trousers like men usually wear. They also stopped wearing such close-fitting shirts or tops. Bicycles also made it possible for women to get around more. Some experts say that bicycles made women feel more independent. They made more women desire and demand freedom and respect.
Voice 2
Bicycles also changed the lives of people in cities. They helped reduce crowding in cities. People could live outside the city. Then they could ride bicycles into the city to work. Bicycles also made it easier for men and women to meet and marry. It expanded families because men and women could meet people who lived outside their small towns.
Voice 1
Many things have changed since the first bicycle. More people use cars, buses and trucks for transport now. But inventors have made great improvements to the bicycle. Today’s bicycles are easy to ride. They are much more comfortable. And they can go very fast. Bicycles continue to be a popular form of transportation in many parts of the world. In fact, in many places, bicycles are still the main form of transportation.
Voice 2
There are many good reasons to ride a bicycle. Bicycles do not damage the environment like cars do. Riding bicycles is good for your health! Also, riding a bicycle costs less money than driving a car. You do not need gas to ride a bicycle. And bicycles cost less money to fix.
Voice 1
Imagine what your city would look like if everyone used a bicycle to get around instead of a car or bus. There are some cities in the world that do look like this. Many cities in China and the Netherlands contain more bicycles than cars.
Voice 2
But in many cities around the world, people do not respect bicycle riders. In fact, in many modern cities, it can be very dangerous to ride a bicycle. Many people die every year in bicycle and car accidents. This is one reason why people ride their bicycles in a critical mass. They want people to recognize bicycle riders. They want people to learn to watch for them on the road. They want people to understand that bicycles are still an important form of transportation today.
Voice 1
The writer of this program was Sara DeKoster. The producer was Luke Haley. The voices you heard were from the United15 Kingdom and the United States. You can listen to this program again, and read it, on the internet at www.radioenglish.net. This program is called ‘History of the Bicycle’.
Voice 2
We hope you can join us again for the next Spotlight program. Goodbye.
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收听单词发音
收听单词发音 |
1
spotlight
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| n.公众注意的中心，聚光灯，探照灯，视听，注意，醒目 | |
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2
critical
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| adj.批评的，评论的；危急的，紧要的；临界的 | |
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3
rider
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| n.骑士，附件，扶手 | |
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4
riders
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| 骑（马、自行车等）的人( rider的名词复数 )； 乘客； 附文； 附加条款 | |
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5
protest
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| v.反对，抗议；宣称；n.抗议；宣称 | |
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6
transportation
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| n.运输，运输系统，运输工具 | |
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7
pedals
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| n.（自行车或其他机器的）踏板( pedal的名词复数 )；脚蹬子；（钢琴、风琴等的）踏板；踏瓣 | |
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8
frame
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| n.框架，结构，体格；vt.构成，设计，制定，使适合，陷害； 框架，（是指在数据链路层中，将网络层数据包加上开始与结尾信息包组成一个框架） | |
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9
iron
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| n.铁，熨斗，坚强，烙铁，镣铐；vt.烫平，熨，用铁包；vi. 烫衣服 | |
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10
added
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| adj.更多的，附加的，额外的 | |
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11
improvement
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| n.改进，增进；改进之处，改善的地方 | |
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12
improvements
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| 增加或修改( improvement的名词复数 )； 改进； 改善； 改良 | |
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13
brakes
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| 动词brake的第三人称单数形式 | |
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14
Ford
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| n.浅滩，水浅可涉处；v.涉水，涉过 | |
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united
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| adj.和谐的；团结的；联合的，统一的 | |
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