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英语听力—环球英语 1044 Sports and Steroids

时间:2012-10-26 06:02来源:互联网 提供网友:jpstudy   字体: [ ]
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   Voice 1

 
  Welcome to Spotlight1. I’m Joshua Leo.
 
  Voice 2
 
  And I’m Liz Waid. Spotlight uses a special English method of broadcasting. It is easier for people to understand - no matter where in the world they live.
 
  Voice 1
 
  Jaap Stam was living the dream of many young people. He was an athlete. Playing football was his job. As a sports player, Stam was healthy and successful. He had played for the famous football team Manchester United. He had a new job on another good football team - Lazio. But, in 2001 he took a test. The test found that he had used the drug steroids.
 
  Voice 2
 
  Stam spent four months banned from football. He said that he had not used steroids on purpose. Stam returned to play football for many years. But he is only one of many athletes who have taken steroids. Why do some athletes use these drugs? What effect do steriods have on the body and on sports? Today’s Spotlight is on sports and steroids.
 
  Voice 1
 
  Steroids are a strong version2 of testosterone. Human bodies create testosterone naturally. Women have low levels of testosterone. Men usually have higher levels of testosterone. This is why men usually have more muscle - the hard tissue3 on the body that gives people strength.
 
  Voice 2
 
  Steroids give a person a very high level of testosterone. This makes the muscles in a person’s body grow faster and larger. Steroids were first invented as a medicine. They can be taken in by mouth, rubbed on the skin or injected. They have been used to treat people with cancer, HIV and AIDS and other diseases4. But people who are not sick also use steroids.
 
  Voice 1
 
  Athletes began using steroids in the 1950s. Steriods gave athletes an advantage. They could be stronger and faster than their competitors. By the 1960s many major sports organizations had passed laws against using steroids. The organizations began to test athletes to make sure that they were not using steroids.
 
  Voice 2
 
  But if taking steroids was against the rules, why would athletes take them? Some people say that athletes feel a large amount of pressure to win. They think that athletes use steroids because other people expect so much of them. Althletes must always run faster, jump higher and be stronger! Jose Conseco is a famous baseball player in the United States. He admitted to using steroids. He told the U.S. House of Representatives:
 
  Voice 3
 
  “There was so much pressure to win games, please my supporters, and get the big contract, for more money. It led me, and others, to behaviour that would produce immediate5 results. This is the same pressure that leads young people today to that same behaviour.”
 
  Voice 1
 
  For these reasons, some athletes choose to take steroids. But when they do, they are also facing many risks. There are professional risks and also social and physical risks. Omar Ortiz is a football player from Mexico. In 2010 he took a test that said he had taken steroids. He was banned from playing football for two years.
 
  Voice 2
 
  An athlete may also lose her awards. Marion Jones is a runner. In the year 2000 she won five medals at the Olympic games. But Jones had to return her awards because she had used steroids. Jones understood that her use of drugs affected6 her body. She also saw that it affected many other people. The Washington Post reports that Jones said:
 
  Voice 4
 
  “I want to apologize to you all for all of this. I am sorry for making you all sad in so many ways."
 
  Voice 1
 
  There are also problems for the sport when people are found to be using steroids.  Sports are based on being healthy and playing fairly - by the rules. People may lose interest in a sport if they know that some athletes have an unfair advantage.
 
  Voice 2
 
  Steroids can also have many negative effects on physical health. These are problems with growing well and skin and hair problems. Steroids can also cause problems with the heart and the liver7. They increase the chance of stroke8 and cancer. There are also side effects of steroids that affect behaviour. People who use steroids can become very angry without reason. The steroids may make them feel sad and worried. But many people use steroids even when they know the risks of physical problems.
 
  Voice 1
 
  And many of the people who use steroids are quite young.  Dr. Linn Goldberg works9 for the Oregon Health and Science University in Portland. She tells the news organization MSNBC:
 
  Voice 5
 
  "Sports role models are very powerful in a young child’s life. They think that if a professional athlete had to use that, then maybe I should use that."
 
  Voice 2
 
  The National Institute on Drug Abuse10 looked at young people in the United States. They found that over half of a million young people are using steroids. These thirteen to fifteen year olds care very much about doing well in sports. They are also very concerned about having a strong body. They are even willing to take risks with their health. Studies show that using steroids is even more dangerous for very young people.
 
  Voice 1
 
  Yet there are also people with different ideas about steroids and sports. Some people argue that steroids should be made legal. Some people say that steroids are not very different than what athletes have been doing for many years. Kenan Malik of the BBC says:
 
  Voice 6
 
  "But scientists already help athletes win. Cyclist Chris Boardman won his Olympic Gold in 1992. He was sitting on a specially11 created machine - his two wheeled bicycle. In the Rugby World Cup, England players wore special shirts. These shirts were very close to their bodies. They were designed so the other team could not hold on to them. In these two cases the scientific work did not reduce the sporting victory. Why should we see drug use differently?”
 
  Voice 2
 
  Other people say that if steroids were legal, they would cause less damage. Adrianne Blue writes in The New Statesman12:
 
  Voice 7
 
  “Steroids may not be desirable13, but they are here to stay. We should make steroids legal. Then they can be controlled. And athletes will not take too much and do themselves damage."
 
  Voice 1
 
  Do you think that making steroids legal would be a good solution? What is the effect of steroid use on YOUR favourite sport? You can leave your comments on our website. Or you can email us at radio at radioenglish dot net. You can also find us on Facebook - just search for spotlightradio.
 
  Voice 2
 
  The writer and producer of this program was Rena Dam. The voices you heard were from the United States and the United Kingdom. All quotes were adapted for this program and voiced by Spotlight. You can listen to this program again, and read it, on the internet at http://www.radioenglish.net This .program is called, ‘Sports and Steroids’.
 
  Voice 1
 
  We hope you can join us again for the next Spotlight program. Goodbye!

点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 spotlight 6hBzmk     
n.公众注意的中心,聚光灯,探照灯,视听,注意,醒目
参考例句:
  • This week the spotlight is on the world of fashion.本周引人瞩目的是时装界。
  • The spotlight followed her round the stage.聚光灯的光圈随着她在舞台上转。
2 version FiJwT     
n.版本;型号;叙述,说法
参考例句:
  • His version of the events is pure supposition.他对这件事的说法纯属猜测。
  • What is your version of this matter?你对这件事情的看法 怎么样?
3 tissue bJmzs     
n.组织;薄纱,薄纸,手巾纸
参考例句:
  • As we age we lose muscle tissue.肌肉组织会随着我们日趋衰老而萎缩。
  • Athletes have hardly any fatty tissue.运动员几乎没有什么脂肪组织。
4 diseases 5c749da591474dd5c2c7f1d77b874f5d     
n.疾病( disease的名词复数 );弊端;恶疾;痼疾
参考例句:
  • Smoking is a causative factor in several major diseases. 抽烟是引起几种严重疾病的病因。
  • The illness frequently coexists with other chronic diseases. 这种病往往与其他慢性病同时存在。
5 immediate aapxh     
adj.立即的;直接的,最接近的;紧靠的
参考例句:
  • His immediate neighbours felt it their duty to call.他的近邻认为他们有责任去拜访。
  • We declared ourselves for the immediate convocation of the meeting.我们主张立即召开这个会议。
6 affected TzUzg0     
adj.不自然的,假装的
参考例句:
  • She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
  • His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。
7 liver npWzWT     
n.肝;肝脏
参考例句:
  • He has a weak liver.他的肝脏不好。
  • The largest organ in the body is the liver.人体最大的器官是肝脏。
8 stroke ZtJw8     
n.笔画,击打,连续的动作,中风,心跳;vt.奉承,轻抚; vi.击打,心跳...
参考例句:
  • He drove in a nail with one stroke of the hammer.他一锤就把钉子敲进去了。
  • He broke the lock with one stroke of the hammer.他一锤就把锁砸坏了。
9 works ieuzIh     
n.作品,著作;工厂,活动部件,机件
参考例句:
  • We expect writers to produce more and better works.我们期望作家们写出更多更好的作品。
  • The novel is regarded as one of the classic works.这篇小说被公认为是最优秀的作品之一。
10 abuse dy1z0     
vt.滥用;辱骂;诋毁;n.滥用;恶习;弊端
参考例句:
  • You can't make personal abuse on her.你不可对她进行人身攻击。
  • She screamed abuse at me.她尖声责备我。
11 specially Hviwq     
adv.特定地;特殊地;明确地
参考例句:
  • They are specially packaged so that they stack easily.它们经过特别包装以便于堆放。
  • The machine was designed specially for demolishing old buildings.这种机器是专为拆毁旧楼房而设计的。
12 statesman Yu6wf     
n.国务活动家,政治家
参考例句:
  • Friends gathered at a memorial for the late statesman.这位已故政治家的生前好友为他举行了纪念仪式。
  • The statesman is much occupied with affairs of state.那个政治家忙于国事。
13 desirable hw6xX     
adj.值得拥有的;可取的,有利的
参考例句:
  • Some reasonable adjustments seem desirable.某些合理的调整似乎是可取的。
  • Prolonged negotiation was not desirable.拖长了的谈判并不是大家所想要的。
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