英语听力—环球英语 1178 Bananas, the World’s Favourite Fruit

 　　Voice 1

 

　　Welcome to Spotlight¹. I’m Liz Waid.

 

　　Voice 2

 

　　And I’m Adam Navis. Spotlight uses a special English method of broadcasting. It is easier for people to understand - no matter where in the world they live.

 

　　Voice 1

 

　　The banana farm looks like many other banana farms. It is in the Central American country Honduras. The plants are tall and green. And each holds banana fruits – long, thin and yellow. The bananas grow in large groups, called bunches. Soon, people will pick them, to eat. However, this farm is different from many other large banana farms. Most large banana farms grow just one kind of banana - the Cavendish banana. But this farm has more than 300 different kinds of banana plants. That is because the farmers and scientists at this farm are looking for the perfect banana.

 

　　Voice 2

 

　　Bananas are the most popular fruit in the world. People around the world eat more than 100,000,000,000 bananas every year. It is a big business. But it is also an important small business. In local markets, it is a healthy food for many poor people. Today’s Spotlight is on the banana.

 

　　Voice 1

 

　　People have been eating bananas for more than 15,000 years. Bananas are originally from the Malaysian rain forests of Southeast Asia. But 500 years ago, Portuguese² settlers brought bananas to many other countries.

 

　　In all of these places, people developed new kinds of bananas. They also created new ways to cook and eat bananas! Some bananas are best to eat raw, without cooking. But other bananas are delicious to eat fried³ in oil.

 

　　Voice 2

 

　　In the country of Uganda, people call bananas “matoke”. Matoke is a common food at the afternoon meal. People steam unripe⁴ green bananas over boiling water. Then they mash⁵ the bananas into a thick mixture. They eat matoke with meat and sauce.

 

　　Voice 1

 

　　In Indonesia, people cook with banana leaves. They put food like fish or rice into the leaves. Then they cook the food inside the leaves. When the food is done, a person opens the leaves and eats the food!

 

　　Voice 2

 

　　In Honduras, people eat plaintain chips. These chips are thinly cut pieces of banana. People fry these pieces in oil. Then they add salt. The chips are a great snack to eat between meals.

 

　　Voice 1

 

　　All of these bananas are good for the human body. They contain vitamins and minerals that people need to stay healthy. For many people in the world, bananas are a good way to get these healthy substances. This is especially true because bananas grow through the whole year. People can always get a banana!

 

　　Voice 2

 

　　This also makes bananas an important crop for farmers. However, bananas are also a big business. Big companies grow bananas in large farms, with thousands of plants.

 

　　Voice 1

 

　　But these farms all grow only one kind of banana: the Cavendish. Cavendish bananas do not taste the best. They do not have the best quality. There are many, many better bananas. So why do people even grow them? It is because the Cavendish is easy to grow in large numbers. The skin is thick. It does not damage easily. It is easy to transport the Cavendish banana long distances – from growing areas to every country in the world. This is what makes it the most popular banana.

 

　　Voice 2

 

　　Like most bananas, the Cavendish banana does not grow from seeds. Instead, small baby plants grow up from the base of the parent plant. Farmers take these baby plants and grow them in another place. As a result, large banana farms are filled with many plants that are exactly the same. But this method of banana farming causes many problems.

 

　　Voice 1

 

　　When plants are all exactly the same, they can pass diseases⁷ very easily and quickly. This is what has happened in the Cavendish banana farms. Two diseases are threatening bananas - these diseases may even cause Cavendish bananas to die out completely.

 

　　Voice 2

 

　　The first disease⁶ affecting Cavendish bananas is Black Sigatoga. Farmers use chemicals to kill this disease. But the chemicals hurt the people who use them. Their babies are not born healthy. The chemicals can cause skin and eye problems, and cancer. These chemicals stop Black Sigatoga, but they cause many other problems.

 

　　Voice 1

 

　　The second disease is Panama disease. It is even more serious. It is spread through diseased plants. When a farm gets Panama disease, the banana plants all die. In the 1950s, Panama disease completely destroyed another popular kind of banana - the Gros Michel. In the past, the Cavendish banana plant could avoid the disease. But now, Panama disease has adapted and changed. It attacks Cavendish bananas too. Many experts agree that it will probably destroy all Cavendish banana farms. Farmers will have to find another new kind of banana to grow.

 

　　Voice 2

 

　　This brings us back to the banana farm we described at the beginning of today’s program. This banana farm is operated by the Honduran Foundation⁸ for Agricultural Investigation⁹, or FHIA. Scientists at the FHIA farm are growing new kinds of bananas. They use traditional methods to breed¹⁰ the plants. Bananas do make some seeds. So the scientists look for these seeds. They crush¹¹ many bananas to get a few seeds. Then they use the seeds to plant new bananas. They are looking for very particular qualities. These bananas need to be strong, to resist diseases. But they must also be easy to grow. They must taste good. They must be a good size. And they must be easy to transport over long distances. There are many different kinds of bananas already in the world, but it is difficult to grow a banana that has all of these qualities!

 

　　Voice 1

 

　　These scientists have already had some successes. They have developed new kinds of bananas that are popular in Australia, and in Central America. But they have not found a banana to replace the Cavendish. Juan Fernando Aguilar manages this project. He does not think that they will find just one kind of banana. Instead, he thinks that the future will include many kinds of bananas. People will have to learn to eat more than just the Cavendish.

 

　　Voice 2

 

　　Do you like bananas? What is your favourite way to eat them? Share your ideas on our website, at http://www.radioenglish.net

 

　　.

 

　　Voice 1

 

　　The writers of this program were Sara DeKoster and Christy VanArragon. The producer was Liz Waid. The voices you heard were from the United States. You can listen to this program again, and read it, on the internet at http://www.radioenglish.net This .program is called, ‘Bananas, the World’s Favourite Fruit’.

 

　　Voice 2

 

　　We hope you can join us again for the next Spotlight program. Goodbye.

1 spotlight   

n.公众注意的中心，聚光灯，探照灯，视听，注意，醒目

参考例句：

• This week the spotlight is on the world of fashion.本周引人瞩目的是时装界。
• The spotlight followed her round the stage.聚光灯的光圈随着她在舞台上转。

2 Portuguese   

n.葡萄牙人；葡萄牙语

参考例句：

• They styled their house in the Portuguese manner.他们仿照葡萄牙的风格设计自己的房子。
• Her family is Portuguese in origin.她的家族是葡萄牙血统。

3 fried   

adj.油煎的；油炒的

参考例句：

• I ate everything fried.所有油炸的我都吃。
• I prefer fried peanuts.我选择炸花生。

4 unripe   

adj.未成熟的；n.未成熟

参考例句：

• I was only ill once and that came of eating an unripe pear.我唯一一次生病是因为吃了未熟的梨。
• Half of the apples are unripe.一半的苹果不熟。

5 mash   

n.麦芽浆，糊状物，土豆泥；v.把…捣成糊状，挑逗，调情

参考例句：

• He beat the potato into a mash before eating it.他把马铃薯捣烂后再吃。
• Whiskey,originating in Scotland,is distilled from a mash of grains.威士忌源于苏格兰，是从一种大麦芽提纯出来的。

6 disease   

n.疾病，弊端

参考例句：

• The doctors are trying to stamp out the disease.医生正在尽力消灭这种疾病。
• He fought against the disease for a long time.他同疾病做了长时间的斗争。

7 diseases   

n.疾病( disease的名词复数 )；弊端；恶疾；痼疾

参考例句：

• Smoking is a causative factor in several major diseases. 抽烟是引起几种严重疾病的病因。
• The illness frequently coexists with other chronic diseases. 这种病往往与其他慢性病同时存在。

8 foundation   

n.[pl.]地基；基础；基金会；建立，创办

参考例句：

• The foundation of the university took place 600 years ago.这所大学是600年前创办的。
• The Foundation gives money to help artists.那家基金会捐款帮助艺术家。

9 investigation   

n.调查，调查研究

参考例句：

• In an investigation,a new fact became known, which told against him.在调查中新发现了一件对他不利的事实。
• He drew the conclusion by building on his own investigation.他根据自己的调查研究作出结论。

10 breed   

n.品种，种类；vi.繁殖，产仔；vt.养殖，产生

参考例句：

• The parents are trying to breed their son a musician.这对父母尽力要把儿子培养成为音乐家。
• This breed of horses is both tall and heavily grown.这种马既高且大。

11 crush   

v.压垮，压倒，压服，镇压；压碎，碾碎

参考例句：

• This machine is made to crush the rock into powder.这台机器是用来把石头压成碎末的。
• You can't crush so many people into the classroom.不能让这么多人挤进教室。