走进牛津大学 第10期:“孤独”的汤姆塔

 　　Situated¹ in the High Street, Magdalen Great Tower is a bell tower in Oxford².

　　位于高街的莫德林高塔是牛津城的一座钟塔。

　　Started to be built in 1492，it is one of the oldest parts of Magdalen College, the university of Oxford.

　　它始建于1492年，是牛津大学莫德林学院最古老的建筑之一。

　　It dominates the eastern entrance to the city, towering over Magdalen Bridge.

　　莫德林髙塔主宰着牛津城的东部人口，重要性远胜于莫德林桥。

　　Its pinnacles³ are about 44m (144ft) high to the top, so it is considered as the tallest building in Oxford.

　　它的塔尖高达44米(英尺）,因此被认为是牛津城最高的建筑物。

　　The tower contains ten bells hung for English change ringing.

　　该塔包含10个悬挂钟，用来演奏英国编钟乐。

　　At the invitation of the college, the Oxford Society of Change Ringers will ring the bells on many occasions every year.

　　应莫德林学院的邀请，牛津大学的编钟演奏协会都会在每年的重大时节敲响这些钟，

　　Such occasions include at significant royal and college anniversaries, as well as after some religious ceremonies in the College Chapel⁴.

　　包括重要的皇家纪念日和学院纪念日，以及一些学院小教堂的宗教仪式结束后。

　　At 6 a.m. every 1st May, the choir⁵ of the college, together with boy choristers from nearby Magdalen College School,

　　每年的5月1日早晨6点，该学院的唱诗班，连同邻近的莫德林学院学校的男唱诗班歌手们一起合唱

　　sings two traditional hymns⁶ to start the May Morning celebrations in Oxford.

　　两首传统的赞美诗，以此揭开牛津城5月清晨庆典的序幕。

　　Large crowds gather in the High Street and on Magdalen Bridge to listen the hymns, until they disperse⁷ for other activities.

　　人们聚集在高街和莫德林桥上聆听赞美诗，直到他们为别的活动而分散了注意力。

　　Founders⁸ Tower is also a tower in Magdalen College.

　　发现者塔也是莫德林学院的一座塔。

　　It is the second-highest tower in the college, after the Magdalen Great Tower.

　　它是该学院仅次于莫德林高塔的第二高塔。

　　Founders Tower houses the entrance to the Old Library, and also sits the main entrance to the Cloisters⁹.

　　旧图书馆的人口就在发现者塔里，修道院博物馆的主要人口也在此。

　　Despite the views of the college from the top of the tower, access is restricted.

　　尽管从这座塔的顶端可以看到该学院的全貌，但是这座塔是不能随意进出的。

　　Tom Tower is a bell tower in Christ Church College, the University of Oxford.

　　汤姆塔是牛津大学基督教堂学院的一座钟塔。

　　It is named for its bell-Great Tom.

　　汤姆塔得名于塔内的钟——大汤姆。

　　The tower is over Tom Gate, and on the main entrance of Christ Church, which leads into Tom Quad¹⁰.

　　这座塔穿过了汤姆门，位于基督教堂学院的正门处，直通汤姆方庭。

　　This square tower was designed by the 17th century famous architect Christopher Wren¹¹ and built between 1681 and 1682.

　　该方塔是由17世纪的著名建筑师克里斯托夫.雷恩设计的，建于1681年-1682年间。

　　Wren made the tower in a late Gothic style,

　　雷恩把这座塔建成了晚期哥特式风格建筑，

　　which had not been seen in a prominent building for a hundred and fifty years, making Tom Tower a lonely precursor¹² of the Gothic Revival¹³.

　　这种风格在之后150年的主要建筑物上都没有再出现，这使得汤姆塔成为了一座“孤独”的哥特复兴先驱。

　　The Gothic Revival didn't get underway until the mid-18th century.

　　哥特复兴直到18世纪中期才开始崭露头角。

1 situated   

adj.坐落在...的，处于某种境地的

参考例句：

• The village is situated at the margin of a forest.村子位于森林的边缘。
• She is awkwardly situated.她的处境困难。

2 Oxford   

n.牛津（英国城市）

参考例句：

• At present he has become a Professor of Chemistry at Oxford.他现在已是牛津大学的化学教授了。
• This is where the road to Oxford joins the road to London.这是去牛津的路与去伦敦的路的汇合处。

3 pinnacles   

顶峰( pinnacle的名词复数 )； 顶点； 尖顶； 小尖塔

参考例句：

• What would be the pinnacles of your acting and music? 对你而言什麽代表你的演技和音乐的巅峰？
• On Skye's Trotternish Peninsula, basalt pinnacles loom over the Sound of Raasay. 在斯开岛的特洛登尼许半岛，玄武岩尖塔俯瞰着拉塞海峡。

4 chapel   

n.小教堂，殡仪馆

参考例句：

• The nimble hero,skipped into a chapel that stood near.敏捷的英雄跳进近旁的一座小教堂里。
• She was on the peak that Sunday afternoon when she played in chapel.那个星期天的下午，她在小教堂的演出，可以说是登峰造极。

5 choir   

n.唱诗班，唱诗班的席位，合唱团，舞蹈团；v.合唱

参考例句：

• The choir sang the words out with great vigor.合唱团以极大的热情唱出了歌词。
• The church choir is singing tonight.今晚教堂歌唱队要唱诗。

6 hymns   

n.赞美诗，圣歌，颂歌( hymn的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• At first, they played the hymns and marches familiar to them. 起初他们只吹奏自己熟悉的赞美诗和进行曲。 来自英汉非文学 - 百科语料821
• I like singing hymns. 我喜欢唱圣歌。 来自辞典例句

7 disperse   

vi.使分散；使消失；vt.分散；驱散

参考例句：

• The cattle were swinging their tails to disperse the flies.那些牛甩动着尾巴驱赶苍蝇。
• The children disperse for the holidays.孩子们放假了。

8 founders   

n.创始人( founder的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• He was one of the founders of the university's medical faculty. 他是该大学医学院的创建人之一。 来自辞典例句
• The founders of our religion made this a cornerstone of morality. 我们宗教的创始人把这看作是道德的基石。 来自辞典例句

9 cloisters   

n.（学院、修道院、教堂等建筑的）走廊( cloister的名词复数 )；回廊；修道院的生活；隐居v.隐退，使与世隔绝( cloister的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• The thirteenth-century cloisters are amongst the most beautiful in central Italy. 这些13世纪的回廊是意大利中部最美的建筑。 来自辞典例句
• Some lovely Christian Science ladies had invited her to a concert at the cloisters. 有几位要好的基督教科学社的女士请她去修道院音乐厅听一个音乐会。 来自辞典例句

10 quad   

n.四方院；四胞胎之一；v.在…填补空铅

参考例句：

• His rooms were on the left-hand side of the quad.他的房间位于四方院的左侧。
• She is a 34-year-old mother of quads.她是个生了四胞胎的34岁的母亲。

11 wren   

n.鹪鹩；英国皇家海军女子服务队成员

参考例句：

• A wren is a kind of short-winged songbird.鹪鹩是一种短翼的鸣禽。
• My bird guide confirmed that a Carolina wren had discovered the thickets near my house.我掌握的鸟类知识使我确信，一只卡罗莱纳州鹪鹩已经发现了我家的这个灌木丛。

12 precursor   

n.先驱者；前辈；前任；预兆；先兆

参考例句：

• Error is often the precursor of what is correct.错误常常是正确的先导。
• He said that the deal should not be seen as a precursor to a merger.他说该笔交易不应该被看作是合并的前兆。

13 revival   

n.复兴，复苏，（精力、活力等的）重振

参考例句：

• The period saw a great revival in the wine trade.这一时期葡萄酒业出现了很大的复苏。
• He claimed the housing market was showing signs of a revival.他指出房地产市场正出现复苏的迹象。