商业周刊:新冠疫情下的紧急财务计划指南(2)

The government stimulus¹ plan also lets investors² of any age take as much as $100,000,

政府刺激计划还允许任何年龄段的投资者，

across accounts, from IRAs and workplace retirement³ plans this year without incurring⁴ the 10% early withdrawal⁵ penalty.

从个人退休账户（IRA）和单位退休计划中提取多达10万美元的资金，而不会产生10%的提前支取罚金。

(With workplace plans such as 401(k)s, it's up to the employer whether to allow such distributions.)

（对于401（k）计划这样的单位计划，由雇主决定是否允许做这样的分配。）

The reasons for taking the money must be related to the disruptions caused by the outbreak, but the rules are loose.

收取这笔钱款的原因必须与疫情造成的干扰有关，但这些规定很宽松。

With traditional tax-deferred IRAs and 401(k)s you'll owe tax on the money withdrawn⁶,

在传统的递延所得税IRA和401（k）计划中，要对提取的款项缴纳税款，

but it can be paid over three years and you can get it refunded⁷ if you put the money back into the account within three years.

但可以在三年内付清。如果在三年内将钱存入账户，就可以拿回支付的税款。

For workplace retirement plans such as 401(k)s that allow loans, the limit on borrowing has been raised from $50,000 to $100,000 through Sept. 22.

对于允许贷款的401（k）这样的退休计划，借款限额从5万美元提高到9月22日的10万美元。

(Again, it's up to your employer to allow this.) Payment dates for loans due in the rest of 2020 can also be extended for a year.

（同样，这取决于雇主是否允许这样做。）在2020年剩余时间内到期贷款的支付日期，也可以延长一年。

One advantage of taking a loan rather than a withdrawal is that you generally have five rather than three years to pay it back and avoid taxes.

贷款而不是取款的一个好处是，你通常有五年而不是三年时间来还贷和避税。

Having to pay it back to your own account, with interest, may also give you an added nudge to replenish⁸ your savings⁹ as soon as you can.

必须把本金连同利息，还到你的账户中，也会给你额外的动力，尽快补充储蓄存款。

The potential fly in the ointment¹⁰ is that 401(k) loans have to be repaid more quickly if you lose or leave your job.

美中不足的可能是，如果你失业或离职，401（k）贷款必须更快偿还。

A borrower who doesn't pay it back would eventually see the loan classified as income and face a big tax bill and penalties.

不还贷款的借款人，贷款最终会归为收入，并面临巨额税单和罚款。

Using IRA and 401(k) money early can really hurt your retirement security.

提前使用IRA账户和401（k）的钱款，会损害你的退休保障方案。

It's best avoided unless you are in a very tough spot, so Kraus advises clients to wait and see if they really need it.

除非你处境艰难，否则最好避免这样做。因此，克劳斯建议客户等待，看看他们是否真的需要用它。

"Many people are panicked, because they're in a situation they never expected to be in

“很多人都感到惊慌，因为他们正处于一种自己从未预料过的境地，

and want to grab as much cash as possible, as quickly as possible, and put it in the bank," he says.

希望快速地获取尽可能多的现金，然后存入银行，”他说。

But Kraus points out that the option to access retirement savings early isn't going away until yearend.

但克劳斯指出，提前获取退休储蓄的选择将一直持续到年底。

And you have until autumn to decide if you need the bigger loan.

秋天到来前，你要决定是否需要更多的贷款。

1 stimulus   

n.刺激，刺激物，促进因素，引起兴奋的事物

参考例句：

• Regard each failure as a stimulus to further efforts.把每次失利看成对进一步努力的激励。
• Light is a stimulus to growth in plants.光是促进植物生长的一个因素。

2 investors   

n.投资者，出资者( investor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• a con man who bilked investors out of millions of dollars 诈取投资者几百万元的骗子
• a cash bonanza for investors 投资者的赚钱机会

3 retirement   

n.退休，退职

参考例句：

• She wanted to enjoy her retirement without being beset by financial worries.她想享受退休生活而不必为金钱担忧。
• I have to put everything away for my retirement.我必须把一切都积蓄起来以便退休后用。

4 incurring   

遭受，招致，引起( incur的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• Many of the world's farmers are also incurring economic deficits. 世界上许多农民还在遭受经济上的亏损。
• He spoke to the Don directly, taking a chance on incurring Michael's ill will. 他直接向老头子谈自己的意见，这显然要冒引起迈克尔反感的风险。 来自教父部分

5 withdrawal   

n.取回，提款；撤退，撤军；收回，撤销

参考例句：

• The police were forced to make a tactical withdrawal.警方被迫进行战术撤退。
• They insisted upon a withdrawal of the statement and a public apology.他们坚持要收回那些话并公开道歉。

6 withdrawn   

vt.收回；使退出；vi.撤退，退出

参考例句：

• Our force has been withdrawn from the danger area.我们的军队已从危险地区撤出。
• All foreign troops should be withdrawn to their own countries.一切外国军队都应撤回本国去。

7 refunded   

v.归还，退还( refund的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Postage costs will be refunded (to you). 邮费将退还（给你）。 来自辞典例句
• Yes, it will be refunded to you at the expiration of the lease. 是的，租约期满时，押金退回。 来自无师自通 校园英语会话

8 replenish   

vt.补充；(把…)装满；(再)填满

参考例句：

• I always replenish my food supply before it is depleted.我总是在我的食物吃完之前加以补充。
• We have to import an extra 4 million tons of wheat to replenish our reserves.我们不得不额外进口四百万吨小麦以补充我们的储备。

9 savings   

n.存款，储蓄

参考例句：

• I can't afford the vacation,for it would eat up my savings.我度不起假，那样会把我的积蓄用光的。
• By this time he had used up all his savings.到这时，他的存款已全部用完。

10 ointment   

n.药膏，油膏，软膏

参考例句：

• Your foot will feel better after the application of this ointment.敷用这药膏后，你的脚会感到舒服些。
• This herbal ointment will help to close up your wound quickly.这种中草药膏会帮助你的伤口很快愈合。