听力文摘：中年发福伤不起

The Mathematics Of Middle-Age Spread

中年发福伤不起

Let's say you're an 18 year old male who runs every other day, logging 12 miles a week.

假设你是一个18岁的男性，每隔一天就会跑步，算下来每周会跑12英里。

Now fast-forward to your late 40′s. Your eating habits are the same. To maintain your high school weight, how many miles a week would you need to run? Believe it or not, you'd have to multiply your weekly mileage¹ 4 and 1/2 times, increasing it from 12 to 54 miles a week!

现在，把你的年龄快速往后推到40多近50岁。你的饮食习惯不变。为了保持你高中时的体重，你一周需要跑多少英里呢？信不信由你，你得把每周的英里数乘以4.5，也就是从每周的12英里增加到54英里！

Unless you take up weekly double marathons in middle-age, it's impossible simply to "outrun" middle-age spread. That's because metabolism² decreases with age. At 50 you just don't burn as many calories as you did at 18. Luckily, there are other factors in this equation. Gradually eating less is one way to make up the difference, since metabolism slows by about 100 calories every ten years. That's equivalent to a tablespoon of butter. To keep pace with metabolic³ changes, your daily menu at 40 could include everything you ate at 30, minus that tablespoon of butter!

除非你在人到中年时，每周进行两次马拉松长跑，否则绝不可能轻易逃脱中年发福。这是因为，新陈代谢的过程随年龄而逐渐放缓。到了50岁，你就不能像18岁 时一样燃烧同样多的卡路里。幸运的是，在这个等式中还有其他的影响因素。减少食量是一种弥补差额的方法，因为新陈代谢的过程每隔十年就会降低100卡路里 的消耗。这个数字相当于一大匙黄油的热量。为了跟上新陈代谢过程的不断变化，你在40岁时的每日菜单必须在30岁时的食谱里减少一大匙黄油。

However, cutting more calories every ten years gets trickier⁴, and limiting food intake⁵ alone isn't the healthiest approach, anyway. Between our 20th and 70th birthdays, most of us lose about 30% of our muscle cells. Loss of muscle mass is the main reason metabolism slows down in the first place, since resting metabolic rate is directly related to lean body mass that's mostly muscle. Maintaining or increasing muscle mass through strength training ups your metabolism and burns more calories, even while you're sitting on the couch! Two or three sessions a week, using free weights or equipment at a gym, will do the trick.

然而，每隔十年减少更多的热量摄入越来越棘手，并且，不管怎样，仅仅限制食物摄取并不是一条健康的途径。在我们20岁生日和70岁的生日之间，我们中大多 数人丧失了大约30%的肌肉细胞。本来，肌肉数量的减少是新陈代谢减缓的主要原因。这是由于停滞的新陈代谢率与大部分为肌肉的“瘦肉组织”直接相关。通过 体能训练来维持或增加瘦肉组织，能提高你的新陈代谢和增加更多热量消耗，甚至当你坐在沙发上时也可以做到！一周花上两到三次时间，利用好健身房里的力量训 练器材或装备，你就能获得理想的效果。

1 mileage   

n.里程，英里数；好处，利润

参考例句：

• He doesn't think there's any mileage in that type of advertising.他认为做那种广告毫无效益。
• What mileage has your car done?你的汽车跑了多少英里？

2 metabolism   

n.新陈代谢

参考例句：

• After years of dieting,Carol's metabolism was completely out of whack.经过数年的节食，卡罗尔的新陈代谢完全紊乱了。
• All living matter undergoes a process of metabolism.生物都有新陈代谢。

3 metabolic   

adj.新陈代谢的

参考例句：

• Impressive metabolic alternations have been undergone during embryogenesis.在胚胎发生期间经历了深刻的代谢变化。
• A number of intoxicants are associated with metabolic acidosis.许多毒性物质可引起代谢性酸中毒。

4 trickier   

adj.狡猾的( tricky的比较级 )；（形势、工作等）复杂的；机警的；微妙的

参考例句：

• This is the general rule, but some cases are trickier than others. 以上是一般规则，但某些案例会比别的案例更为棘手。 来自互联网
• The lower the numbers go, the trickier the problems get. 武器的数量越低，问题就越复杂。 来自互联网

5 intake   

n.吸入，纳入；进气口，入口

参考例句：

• Reduce your salt intake.减少盐的摄入量。
• There was a horrified intake of breath from every child.所有的孩子都害怕地倒抽了一口凉气。