英国卫报:一万亿美元能治愈所有疾病吗?(6)

The battle against polio provides a good illustration of the task we face.

与小儿麻痹症的斗争很好地说明了我们面临的任务。

The disease is caused by a virus that mostly affects children, and can lead to irreversible paralysis¹ and sometimes death.

该疾病由一种主要影响儿童的病毒引起，可导致不可逆转的瘫痪，有时甚至死亡。

The eradication² effort has been a huge success, with cases dropping from 350,000 a year in 1988, to just 33 in 2018.

根除工作取得了巨大成功，病例从1988年的每年35万例下降到了2018年的仅33例。

The virus that causes polio was endemic in 125 countries in 1988, but today remains³ so in just two, Afghanistan and Pakistan.

1988年，引起小儿麻痹症的病毒在125个国家中传播，而今天只存在于阿富汗和巴基斯坦这两个国家。

However, the virus is highly infectious. A single infected child could lead to hundreds of thousands of new cases a year around the world.

然而，该病毒具有高度传染性。一名受感染的儿童每年可能会导致世界各地成千上万的新病例。

So it must be completely stamped out, just as smallpox⁴ was eradicated⁶ in 1980.

因此，必须彻底消灭它，就像1980年根除天花一样。

We could incentivise the push to eradication by increasing the funding, safety and resources for staff working in these incredibly challenging areas.

我们可以通过增加在这些极具挑战性的领域工作的工作人员的资金、安全和资源来鼓励推动根除。

In northern Nigeria, dozens of healthcare staff working to vaccinate⁷ and eradicate⁵ polio have been killed by gunmen thought to be members of Boko Haram.

在尼日利亚北部，数十名致力于接种疫苗和根除小儿麻痹症的医护人员被据悉是博科圣地成员的枪手杀害。

We will also need to improve the understanding of the safety of the polio vaccine⁸ to increase uptake.

我们还需提高对脊髓灰质炎疫苗安全性的认识以增加接种。

In Afghanistan, for example, we will need to counter the spread of anti-vaccine propaganda.

例如，在阿富汗，我们需要制止反疫苗宣传的蔓延。

In all countries, we will improve disease surveillance and data collection to better monitor the progress of eradication, and work to address people's basic needs – fresh water, food supply – in remote areas where the virus clings on.

我们将在所有国家改进疾病监测和数据收集以更好地监测根除工作的进展，同时努力在病毒存在的偏远地区解决人们的基本需求——淡水和食品供应。

The effort to eliminate the polio virus has prevented 1.5 million deaths, and 18 million cases of paralysis.

消除小儿麻痹症病毒的努力防止了150万人死亡和1800万人瘫痪。

In 2019, the WHO made a list of things it considered major health threats, including the problem of what it diplomatically calls "vaccine hesitancy" – which is at least as big a problem in rich countries such as the US, the UK and Japan as it is in poorer countries.

2019年，世界卫生组织针对大的健康威胁列了一个清单，其中包括外交上所谓的“疫苗犹豫”问题——至少在发达国家(如美国,英国和日本)和在较贫困国家都是大的问题。

The drop in the numbers of people willing to be vaccinated⁹ was a major concern even before coronavirus; it's that much greater now, in the Covid era.

即使在冠状病毒出现之前，愿意接种疫苗的人数下降也是一个主要问题。在冠状病毒时代，这个问题更大了。

1 paralysis   

n.麻痹(症)；瘫痪(症)

参考例句：

• The paralysis affects his right leg and he can only walk with difficulty.他右腿瘫痪步履维艰。
• The paralysis affects his right leg and he can only walk with difficulty.他右腿瘫痪步履维艰。

2 eradication   

n.根除

参考例句：

• The eradication of an established infestation is not easy. 根除昆虫蔓延是不容易的。
• This is often required for intelligent control and eradication. 这经常需要灵巧的控制与消除。

3 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

4 smallpox   

n.天花

参考例句：

• In 1742 he suffered a fatal attack of smallpox.1742年，他染上了致命的天花。
• Were you vaccinated against smallpox as a child?你小时候打过天花疫苗吗？

5 eradicate   

v.根除，消灭，杜绝

参考例句：

• These insects are very difficult to eradicate.这些昆虫很难根除。
• They are already battling to eradicate illnesses such as malaria and tetanus.他们已经在努力消灭疟疾、破伤风等疾病。

6 eradicated   

画着根的

参考例句：

• Polio has been virtually eradicated in Brazil. 在巴西脊髓灰质炎实际上已经根除。
• The disease has been eradicated from the world. 这种疾病已在全世界得到根除。

7 vaccinate   

vt.给…接种疫苗；种牛痘

参考例句：

• Local health officials then can plan the best times to vaccinate people.这样，当地的卫生官员就可以安排最佳时间给人们接种疫苗。
• Doctors vaccinate us so that we do not catch smallpox.医生给我们打预防针使我们不会得天花。

8 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

9 vaccinated   

[医]已接种的，种痘的，接种过疫菌的

参考例句：

• I was vaccinated against tetanus. 我接种了破伤风疫苗。
• Were you vaccinated against smallpox as a child? 你小时候打过天花疫苗吗？