英国卫报：此时蜜糖,彼时砒霜(11)

搜索

复制

If sugar consumption is a slippery slope, then advocating moderation is not a meaningful concept.

如果糖的摄入在走滑坡，那么提倡适度就不是一个有意义的概念。

In my own mind, I keep returning to a few observations – unscientific as they may be – that make me question the validity of any definition of moderation in the context of sugar consumption.

在我看来，我一直在回想一些观察结果——尽管它们可能不科学——它们让我质疑在摄入糖的情况下任何关于“适度”这一定义的有效性。

The roots of the modern discussion on sugar and disease can be traced to the early 1670s.

关于糖和疾病的现代讨论可以追溯到17世纪70年代早期。

Thomas Willis, medical adviser¹ to the duke of York and King Charles II, noted² an increase in the prevalence of diabetes³ in the affluent⁴ patients of his practice.

约克公爵和国王查尔斯二世的医疗顾问托马斯·威利斯注意到，在他的诊所里，富裕的患者中糖尿病的发病率有所上升。

"The pissing evil", he called it, and became the first European physician to diagnose the sweet taste of diabetic urine – "wonderfully sweet like sugar or honey".

他称其为“可恶的恶魔”，并成为第一个诊断糖尿病患者尿液甜味的欧洲医生——“像糖或蜂蜜一样的美妙的甜味”。

Willis's identification of diabetes and the sweetness of the urine happens to coincide with both the first flow of sugar into England from its Caribbean colonies, and the first use of sugar to sweeten tea.

威利斯对糖尿病以及尿液甜味的诊断恰好和糖第一次从加勒比海殖民地流入英国以及糖第一次用来增加茶的甜味这两件事同时发生。

Other observations that resonate with me when I wrestle⁵ with the concept of moderation include one of Frederick Slare's comments in 1715, in his article "Vindication⁶ of Sugars Against the Charges of Dr Willis".

当我在思考“适度”的概念时，其他一些观察与我产生了共鸣，包括1715年弗雷德里克·斯雷在一篇名为《为糖辩护，驳斥威利斯博士的指控》的文章中的一段评论。

At a time when sugar was just beginning to be more widely consumed in England, Slare noted that women who cared about their figures but were "inclining to be too fat" might want to avoid sugar, because it "may dispose them to be fatter than they desire to be".

当时糖在英国刚开始流行，斯雷指出，那些在意身材但“有发胖倾向”的女性可能会避免吃糖，因为糖“可能会让她们变得比自己希望的更胖”。斯雷在做他的观察时英国人平均每年消耗大约5磅(约4.5斤)的糖。

When Slare made his observation, the English were consuming, on average, perhaps 51b of sugar a year. The US FDA research suggests we now consume 42lb a year.

而美国食品和药物管理局的研究表明，现在我们每年消耗的糖达42磅(约38斤)。

We have to acknowledge that the evidence against sugar is not definitive⁷, compelling though I personally find it to be.

我们必须承认，反对吃糖的证据并不明确，尽管我个人认为很有说服力。

Let's say we randomly⁸ assigned individuals in our population to eat a modern diet with or without sugar in it.

假设我们在人群中随机分配一些人，让他们吃含糖或不含糖的现代饮食。

Since virtually all processed foods have sugar added or, like most breads, are made with sugar, the population that is asked to avoid sugar would simultaneously⁹ be avoiding virtually all processed foods as well.

因为几乎所有的加工食品都添加了糖，或者像大多数的面包一样都是用糖做的，所以被要求不吃糖的人群实际上也在同时避免吃所有的加工食品。

They would dramatically reduce their consumption of what journalist Michael Pollan, author of books on food, agriculture and drugs, has memorably¹⁰ called "food-like substances", and if they were healthier, there would now be a host of possible reasons why.

迈克尔·波伦专著于食品、农业和药品方面的书籍，同时也是记者，他将这种食物称为“类食物物质”，这一称呼令人印象深刻。如果它们更健康，现在有很多可能的原因。

Maybe they ate fewer refined grains of any type, less gluten, fewer trans fats, preservatives¹¹ or artificial flavourings? We would have no practical way to know for sure.

或许他们少吃任何类型的精制谷物，少吃麸质，少吃反式脂肪，少吃防腐剂或人工调味料？我们没有实际的方法来确定。

1 adviser   

n.劝告者，顾问

参考例句：

• They employed me as an adviser.他们聘请我当顾问。
• Our department has engaged a foreign teacher as phonetic adviser.我们系已经聘请了一位外籍老师作为语音顾问。

2 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。

3 diabetes   

n.糖尿病

参考例句：

• In case of diabetes, physicians advise against the use of sugar.对于糖尿病患者，医生告诫他们不要吃糖。
• Diabetes is caused by a fault in the insulin production of the body.糖尿病是由体內胰岛素分泌失调引起的。

4 affluent   

adj.富裕的，富有的，丰富的，富饶的

参考例句：

• He hails from an affluent background.他出身于一个富有的家庭。
• His parents were very affluent.他的父母很富裕。

5 wrestle   

vi.摔跤，角力；搏斗；全力对付

参考例句：

• He taught his little brother how to wrestle.他教他小弟弟如何摔跤。
• We have to wrestle with difficulties.我们必须同困难作斗争。

6 vindication   

n.洗冤，证实

参考例句：

• There is much to be said in vindication of his claim.有很多理由可以提出来为他的要求作辩护。
• The result was a vindication of all our efforts.这一结果表明我们的一切努力是必要的。

7 definitive   

adj.确切的，权威性的；最后的，决定性的

参考例句：

• This book is the definitive guide to world cuisine.这本书是世界美食的权威指南。
• No one has come up with a definitive answer as to why this should be so.至于为什么该这样，还没有人给出明确的答复。

8 randomly   

adv.随便地，未加计划地

参考例句：

• Within the hot gas chamber, molecules are moving randomly in all directions. 在灼热的气体燃烧室内，分子在各个方向上作无规运动。 来自辞典例句
• Transformed cells are loosely attached, rounded and randomly oriented. 转化细胞则不大贴壁、圆缩并呈杂乱分布。 来自辞典例句

9 simultaneously   

adv.同时发生地，同时进行地

参考例句：

• The radar beam can track a number of targets almost simultaneously.雷达波几乎可以同时追着多个目标。
• The Windows allow a computer user to execute multiple programs simultaneously.Windows允许计算机用户同时运行多个程序。

10 memorably   

难忘的

参考例句：

• The book includes some memorably seedy characters and scabrous description. 这本书包含了一些难忘下流的角色及有伤风化的描述。 来自互联网
• Horowitz could play Chopin memorably. 霍洛维茨可以把肖邦的作品演奏得出神入化。 来自互联网

11 preservatives   

n.防腐剂( preservative的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The juice contains no artificial preservatives. 这种果汁不含人工防腐剂。
• Meat spoils more quickly without preservatives. 不加防腐剂，肉会坏得快。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》