英国卫报：独狼式恐怖分子的故事(1)

The myth of the lone¹ wolf terrorist

独狼式恐怖分子的故事

In recent years, references to such attacks have become inescapable.

近年来，我们不可避免要提及这类袭击。

But this lazy term obscures the real nature of the threat against us by Jason Burke.

但是这个术语掩盖了杰森-伯克对我们威胁的真实性。

At around 8pm on Sunday 29 January, a young man walked into a mosque² in the Sainte-Foy neighbourhood of Quebec City and opened fire on worshippers with a 9mm handgun.

1月29日星期日晚上8点左右，一名年轻男子走进魁北克市圣弗伊社区的一座清真寺，用一把9毫米手枪向朝拜者开火。

The imam had just finished leading the congregation in prayer when the intruder started shooting at them.

伊玛目刚刚带领教徒做完祈祷，入侵者就开始向他们开枪。

He killed six and injured 19 more.

他杀死了6人，另有19人受伤。

The dead included an IT specialist employed by the city council, a grocer, and a science professor.

死者包括一名受雇于市议会的IT专家、一名杂货商和一名科学教授。

The suspect, Alexandre Bissonnette, a 27-year-old student, has been charged with six counts of murder, though not terrorism.

嫌疑人亚历山大-比松内特（Alexandre Bissonnette）是一名27岁的学生，他被指控犯有6项谋杀罪，但不是恐怖主义。

Within hours of the attack, Ralph Goodale, the Canadian minister for public safety, described the killer³ as a lone wolf.

在袭击发生后的几个小时内，加拿大公共安全部部长拉尔夫-古德尔（Ralph Goodale）将凶手描述为“独狼”。

His statement was rapidly picked up by the worlds media.

他的声明迅速被世界媒体报道。

Goodales statement came as no surprise.

古德尔的声明并不令人意外。

In early 2017, well into the second decade of the most intense wave of international terrorism since the 1970s, the lone wolf has, for many observers, come to represent the most urgent security threat faced by the west.

2017年初，在自1970年代以来最激烈的国际恐怖主义浪潮的第二个十年里，对许多观察家来说，独狼已经代表了西方面临的最紧迫的安全威胁。

The term, which describes an individual actor who strikes alone and is not affiliated⁴ with any larger group, is now widely used by politicians, journalists, security officials and the general public.

这个词描述的是单独行动且不隶属于任何大型团体的个人行为者，现在被政治家、记者、安全官员和普通公众广泛使用。

It is used for Islamic militant⁵ attackers and, as the shooting in Quebec shows, for killers⁶ with other ideological⁷ motivations.

它被用于伊斯兰激进主义袭击者，正如魁北克的枪击事件所显示的那样，也被用于具有其他意识形态动机的杀手。

Within hours of the news breaking of an attack on pedestrians⁸ and a policeman in central London last week, it was used to describe the 52-year-old British convert responsible.

在上周伦敦市中心发生的针对行人和警察的袭击事件的新闻爆出后的几个小时内，它被用来描述这位52岁的英国皈依者。

Yet few beyond the esoteric world of terrorism analysis appear to give this almost ubiquitous term much thought.

然而，在深奥的恐怖主义分析领域之外，似乎很少有人对这个几乎无处不在的术语进行思考。

Terrorism has changed dramatically in recent years.

近年来，恐怖主义发生了巨大的变化。

Attacks by groups with defined chains of command have become rarer, as the prevalence of terrorist networks, autonomous⁹ cells, and, in rare cases, individuals, has grown.

由有明确指挥系统的团体发动的袭击已经变得越来越少，因为恐怖主义网络、自治小组，以及在极少数情况下的个人猖獗，已经越来越普遍。

This evolution has prompted a search for a new vocabulary, as it should.

这种演变促使人们寻找一个新的词汇，也应该有这样的词汇。

The label that seems to have been decided¹⁰ on is lone wolves.

人民似乎已经确定使用的标签是“独狼”。

They are, we have been repeatedly told, Terror enemy No 1.

我们被反复告知，他们是头号恐怖敌人。

Yet using the term as liberally as we do is a mistake.

然而，像我们这样随意地使用这个词是错误的。

Labels frame the way we see the world, and thus influence attitudes and eventually policies.

标签框定了我们看待世界的方式，从而影响了我们的态度和最终的政策。

Using the wrong words to describe problems that we need to understand distorts public perceptions, as well as the decisions taken by our leaders.

使用错误的词语来描述我们需要了解的问题，扭曲了公众的看法，也扭曲了我们领导人的决策。

Lazy talk of lone wolves obscures the real nature of the threat against us, and makes us all less safe.

懒洋洋地谈论“独狼”，掩盖了针对我们的威胁的真正性质，并使我们所有人都不那么安全。

1 lone   

adj.孤寂的，单独的；唯一的

参考例句：

• A lone sea gull flew across the sky.一只孤独的海鸥在空中飞过。
• She could see a lone figure on the deserted beach.她在空旷的海滩上能看到一个孤独的身影。

2 mosque   

n.清真寺

参考例句：

• The mosque is a activity site and culture center of Muslim religion.清真寺为穆斯林宗教活动场所和文化中心。
• Some years ago the clock in the tower of the mosque got out of order.几年前，清真寺钟楼里的大钟失灵了。

3 killer   

n.杀人者，杀人犯，杀手，屠杀者

参考例句：

• Heart attacks have become Britain's No.1 killer disease.心脏病已成为英国的头号致命疾病。
• The bulk of the evidence points to him as her killer.大量证据证明是他杀死她的。

4 affiliated   

adj. 附属的, 有关连的

参考例句：

• The hospital is affiliated with the local university. 这家医院附属于当地大学。
• All affiliated members can vote. 所有隶属成员都有投票权。

5 militant   

adj.激进的，好斗的；n.激进分子，斗士

参考例句：

• Some militant leaders want to merge with white radicals.一些好斗的领导人要和白人中的激进派联合。
• He is a militant in the movement.他在那次运动中是个激进人物。

6 killers   

凶手( killer的名词复数 )； 消灭…者； 致命物； 极难的事

参考例句：

• He remained steadfast in his determination to bring the killers to justice. 他要将杀人凶手绳之以法的决心一直没有动摇。
• They were professional killers who did in John. 杀死约翰的这些人是职业杀手。

7 ideological   

a.意识形态的

参考例句：

• He always tries to link his study with his ideological problems. 他总是把学习和自己的思想问题联系起来。
• He helped me enormously with advice on how to do ideological work. 他告诉我怎样做思想工作，对我有很大帮助。

8 pedestrians   

n.步行者( pedestrian的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Several pedestrians had come to grief on the icy pavement. 几个行人在结冰的人行道上滑倒了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Pedestrians keep to the sidewalk [footpath]! 行人走便道。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

9 autonomous   

adj.自治的；独立的

参考例句：

• They proudly declared themselves part of a new autonomous province.他们自豪地宣布成为新自治省的一部分。
• This is a matter that comes within the jurisdiction of the autonomous region.这件事是属于自治区权限以内的事务。

10 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。