英国新闻听力 奥巴马:只有私营部门可以解决失业问题

In Washington, President Obama has told a forum¹ on job creation that only the private sector² can solve the problem of American unemployment. He said the economy was growing faster than at any time of the last two years but one in ten Americans was still unemployed³. He called for fresh perspectives from unions, universities and business leaders on how to tackle the situation. Adam Brooks⁴ reports.

The unemployment rate in America in October was 10.2%, the highest in a quarter of a century. The shortage of jobs is becoming a feature of Mr. Obama’s first term in office and is a serious drag on his presidency⁵. The president’s summoned business leaders and trade’s union leaders to the White House for what’s been called a job summit. Some in the president’s own party want the federal government to implement⁶ big job creation schemes. But that sort of action by governments to create jobs will mean more spending by government. And that’s politically very difficult because the US government is already terribly heavily in debt.

The prime minister of Somalia’s transitional government, Omar Sharmarke, has condemned⁷ the suicide bomb attack on a graduation ceremony in Mogadishu which killed at least 19 people as a vicious and calculated outrage⁸. Among the dead were four government ministers, three journalists and some of only the second class of medical students to graduate in Somalia for 20 years. The Somali president’s spokesman, Hassan Haile, told the BBC that he thought the militant⁹ group Al-Shabab was behind the bombing.

“It is interesting that Al-Shabab had not yet commented, but the indications are that Al-Shabab did this as they have committed such acts more than once in Mogadishu and other parts of the country. But this time it’s different because they are targeting everybody, hotels and public places where ordinary people meet. Today’s event was a civil gathering¹⁰. There were no African forces, neither were Somali security forces there.”

India, regarded as the world’s fourth largest polluter, has announced plans that may slow the rate of growth in its carbon dioxide emissions¹² over the next decade. India has pledged to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide that’s emitted per unit of GDP by between 20% and 25%. Sanjoy Majumder reports.

Speaking in parliament, India’s Environment Minister Jairam Ramesh said, regardless of the summit’s outcome, his country would reduce its carbon emissions intensity¹³ by 20% to 25% by the year 2020, but he said India would not accept any legally binding¹⁴ emission¹¹ cuts. Last week, China revealed that it would reduce its carbon intensity by 40% to 45%. Along with China, Brazil and South Africa, India’s presenting a counter-proposal at Copenhagen which is aimed at ensuring that the responsibility for reducing global emissions is shared equitably¹⁵ by rich and poor countries.

There are reports of gunfire in the Guinean capital, Conakry. One news agency has quoted the communication minister as saying that renegade soldiers had opened fire at the president, Moussa Dadis Camara. The president took power 11 months ago in a military-led coup¹⁶.

US senators have expressed doubts about President Obama’s troop buildup in Afghanistan during a second day of hearings by the Senate Foreign Committee. One Democratic senator said the dates at which US troops might start withdrawing followed by Afghan troops’ taking over were as reliable as quicksand. Laura Trevelyan reports.

President Obama’s plan to deploy¹⁷ 30,000 more troops to Afghanistan only five months after sending an extra 21,000 is worrying both Republicans and Democrats¹⁸. Republicans on the Senate Foreign Relations Committee wanted to know how adding more troops would address the Taliban and al-Qaeda presence across the border in Pakistan and expressed fears that the overall US strategy is still unclear. The strongest criticism came from members of the president’s own party. The US Congress is ultimately expected to approve the extra funding for the troop increase. But these hearings have shown that lawmakers have serious doubts about the plan, reflecting the public’s unease.

The Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin says he will think about returning to the presidency in 2012 when the next elections are due. Mr. Putin is widely believed to wield¹⁹ the real political power in Russia despite nominally²⁰ being second in command to his handpicked successor, President Dmitry Medvedev. Responding to the remarks, Mr. Medvedev told reporters that if Mr. Putin wouldn’t rule out running again, neither would he.

An order of nuns²¹ in Ireland has offered to pay more than 190 million dollars in compensation for allowing decades of abuse in its schools and orphanages²². The Sisters of Mercy were among 18 orders exposed by a government report in May for covering up systematic²³ rape²⁴ and beatings in the institutions.

在华盛顿，奥巴马总统告诉创造就业机会论坛，只有私营部门可以解决美国的失业问题。他说，现在的经济增长速度比过去两年的任何时间都要快，但是仍然有十分之一的美国人失业。他呼吁工会，大学和商业领导在处理当前的形势方面采取全新的视角。Adam Brooks报道。

10月份美国的失业率为10.2%，达到四分之一个世纪以来的最高峰。缺少就业机会成为奥巴马第一届任期的特点，对其总统职位造成不利影响。奥巴马召集商业领导和贸易联盟领导到白宫参加就业峰会。奥巴马自己党派部分成员希望联邦政府能够实施创造就业机会大型机制。但是政府创造就业机会意味着更多支出。这在政治方面非常困难，因为政府现在已经负债累累。

索马里过渡政府总理奥马尔·萨马克(Omar Sharmarke)谴责摩加迪沙毕业典礼上发生的自杀式爆炸袭击。这是一场有预谋的袭击事件，共造成至少19人死亡。死者中包括4名政府部长，3名记者和医学院二年级的学生。索马里总统发言人Hassan Haile告诉BBC，他认为爆炸事件的幕后策划者是激进青年党。

“有趣的是，激进青年党目前为止还没有就此事发表评论。但是有迹象表明这是激进青年党所为，他们在摩加迪沙和全国其他地区已经实施了不止一次类似的活动。但是这次又有所不同，因为他们的目标是每一个人，普通人聚集的宾馆和公共场所。今天的事件只是一个平民集会，没有非洲联盟力量，也没有索马里安全力量在场。”

世界第四大污染国印度宣布在未来的十年减缓二氧化碳排放量的增长速度。印度承诺每单位GDP释放的二氧化碳量减少20%到25%。Sanjoy Majumder报道。

印度环境部长Jairam Ramesh向议会发表讲话时表示，尽管峰会取得了一定的结果，截至到2020年，印度将把二氧化碳的排放强度减少20%至25%，但是印度不接受任何有法律约束力的减排承诺。上周，中国披露将二氧化碳排放强度减少40%至45%。印度和中国，巴西，南非在哥本哈根将一起反对发展中国家和发达国家在减排方面承担同样的责任的提议。

据报道，几内亚首都科纳克里发生交火。一家新闻机构引用通信部长的话称，背叛的士兵向总统穆萨·达迪斯·卡马拉(Moussa Dadis Camara)开火。总统在11个月前的军事政变中开始执政。

在参议院国外事务委员会举行的听证会的第二天，美国参议员对奥巴马总统向阿富汗增军提出质疑。一名民主党参议员表示，美国开始撤军后阿富汗军队接管安全责任的日期像流沙一样不可靠。Laura Trevelyan报道。

在增派21,000军队之后刚刚5个月的时间，奥巴马总统就宣布再次增军30,000人，这使民主党和共和党都非常担忧。参议院外国关系委员会希望了解，增派更多军队怎样解决巴基斯坦边境塔利班分子和基地组织出没的问题。他们还担忧美国的整体策略非常不清晰。最强烈的批评声来自总统自己的党派内部。预期美国国会最终将批准增军所需的额外费用。但是这些听证会表明，立法者对该计划持有严重的怀疑态度，这也反映了公众的不安。

俄罗斯总理普京表示，他将考虑在2012年下届选举时重返总统职位。尽管名义上来说普京位居他精心挑选的继承人梅德韦杰夫之后，然而群众普遍认为普京真正执掌俄罗斯政治方面的大权。梅德韦杰夫告诉记者，如果普京不排除竞选的可能性，他也不会。

爱尔兰一家天主教寺院同意支付1.9亿美元赔偿几十年来学校和孤儿院发生的虐待事件。仁慈修女会是五月份政府报告中所披露掩盖天主教机构大规模性侵犯和殴打的18家机构之一。

1 forum   

n.论坛，讨论会

参考例句：

• They're holding a forum on new ways of teaching history.他们正在举行历史教学讨论会。
• The organisation would provide a forum where problems could be discussed.这个组织将提供一个可以讨论问题的平台。

2 sector   

n.部门，部分；防御地段，防区；扇形

参考例句：

• The export sector will aid the economic recovery. 出口产业将促进经济复苏。
• The enemy have attacked the British sector.敌人已进攻英国防区。

3 unemployed   

adj.失业的，没有工作的；未动用的，闲置的

参考例句：

• There are now over four million unemployed workers in this country.这个国家现有四百万失业人员。
• The unemployed hunger for jobs.失业者渴望得到工作。

4 brooks   

n.小溪( brook的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Brooks gave the business when Haas caught him with his watch. 哈斯抓到偷他的手表的布鲁克斯时，狠狠地揍了他一顿。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Ade and Brooks exchanged blows yesterday and they were severely punished today. 艾德和布鲁克斯昨天打起来了，今天他们受到严厉的惩罚。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 presidency   

n.总统(校长，总经理)的职位(任期)

参考例句：

• Roosevelt was elected four times to the presidency of the United States.罗斯福连续当选四届美国总统。
• Two candidates are emerging as contestants for the presidency.两位候选人最终成为总统职位竞争者。

6 implement   

n.(pl.)工具，器具；vt.实行，实施，执行

参考例句：

• Don't undertake a project unless you can implement it.不要承担一项计划，除非你能完成这项计划。
• The best implement for digging a garden is a spade.在花园里挖土的最好工具是铁锹。

7 condemned   

adj. 被责难的, 被宣告有罪的 动词condemn的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• He condemned the hypocrisy of those politicians who do one thing and say another. 他谴责了那些说一套做一套的政客的虚伪。
• The policy has been condemned as a regressive step. 这项政策被认为是一种倒退而受到谴责。

8 outrage   

n.暴行，侮辱，愤怒；vt.凌辱，激怒

参考例句：

• When he heard the news he reacted with a sense of outrage.他得悉此事时义愤填膺。
• We should never forget the outrage committed by the Japanese invaders.我们永远都不应该忘记日本侵略者犯下的暴行。

9 militant   

adj.激进的，好斗的；n.激进分子，斗士

参考例句：

• Some militant leaders want to merge with white radicals.一些好斗的领导人要和白人中的激进派联合。
• He is a militant in the movement.他在那次运动中是个激进人物。

10 gathering   

n.集会，聚会，聚集

参考例句：

• He called on Mr. White to speak at the gathering.他请怀特先生在集会上讲话。
• He is on the wing gathering material for his novels.他正忙于为他的小说收集资料。

11 emission   

n.发出物，散发物；发出，散发

参考例句：

• Rigorous measures will be taken to reduce the total pollutant emission.采取严格有力措施，降低污染物排放总量。
• Finally,the way to effectively control particulate emission is pointed out.最后，指出有效降低颗粒排放的方向。

12 emissions   

排放物( emission的名词复数 )； 散发物（尤指气体）

参考例句：

• Most scientists accept that climate change is linked to carbon emissions. 大多数科学家都相信气候变化与排放的含碳气体有关。
• Dangerous emissions radiate from plutonium. 危险的辐射物从钚放散出来。

13 intensity   

n.强烈，剧烈；强度；烈度

参考例句：

• I didn't realize the intensity of people's feelings on this issue.我没有意识到这一问题能引起群情激奋。
• The strike is growing in intensity.罢工日益加剧。

14 binding   

有约束力的，有效的，应遵守的

参考例句：

• The contract was not signed and has no binding force. 合同没有签署因而没有约束力。
• Both sides have agreed that the arbitration will be binding. 双方都赞同仲裁具有约束力。

15 equitably   

公平地

参考例句：

• We should equitably assess historical figures. 我们应该公正地评价历史人物。
• Land was more equitably distributed. 土地得到更公平合理的分配。

16 coup   

n.政变；突然而成功的行动

参考例句：

• The monarch was ousted by a military coup.那君主被军事政变者废黜了。
• That government was overthrown in a military coup three years ago.那个政府在3年前的军事政变中被推翻。

17 deploy   

v.（军）散开成战斗队形，布置，展开

参考例句：

• The infantry began to deploy at dawn.步兵黎明时开始进入战斗位置。
• The president said he had no intention of deploying ground troops.总统称并不打算部署地面部队。

18 democrats   

n.民主主义者，民主人士( democrat的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The Democrats held a pep rally on Capitol Hill yesterday. 民主党昨天在国会山召开了竞选誓师大会。
• The democrats organize a filibuster in the senate. 民主党党员组织了阻挠议事。 来自《简明英汉词典》

19 wield   

vt.行使，运用，支配；挥，使用(武器等)

参考例句：

• They wield enormous political power.他们行使巨大的政治权力。
• People may wield the power in a democracy.在民主国家里，人民可以行使权力。

20 nominally   

在名义上，表面地； 应名儿

参考例句：

• Dad, nominally a Methodist, entered Churches only for weddings and funerals. 爸名义上是卫理公会教徒，可只去教堂参加婚礼和葬礼。
• The company could not indicate a person even nominally responsible for staff training. 该公司甚至不能指出一个名义上负责职员培训的人。

21 nuns   

n.（通常指基督教的）修女， （佛教的）尼姑( nun的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Ah Q had always had the greatest contempt for such people as little nuns. 小尼姑之流是阿Q本来视如草芥的。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• Nuns are under vows of poverty, chastity and obedience. 修女须立誓保持清贫、贞洁、顺从。 来自辞典例句

22 orphanages   

孤儿院( orphanage的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• It is Rotarians running orphanages for children who have no homes. 扶轮社员们为没有家的孩子办孤儿院。
• Through the years, she built churches, hospitals and orphanages. 许多年来，她盖了一间间的教堂、医院、育幼院。

23 systematic   

adj.有系统的，有计划的，有方法的

参考例句：

• The way he works isn't very systematic.他的工作不是很有条理。
• The teacher made a systematic work of teaching.这个教师进行系统的教学工作。

24 rape   

n.抢夺，掠夺，强奸；vt.掠夺，抢夺，强奸

参考例句：

• The rape of the countryside had a profound ravage on them.对乡村的掠夺给他们造成严重创伤。
• He was brought to court and charged with rape.他被带到法庭并被指控犯有强奸罪。